Light Transmission and the Sagnac Effect on the Rotating Earth

Gift, Stephan J. G.

doi:10.5539/apr.v5n5p93

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…This is exactly the motion that the Michelson-Gale experiment successfully detected in 1925 and which we argue revealed an Earth-bound ether that corresponds to the modern ECI frame. (Gift, 2010b;2013) The availability of synchronized clocks in the GPS means that they can be used to determine the one-way speed of light by timing the transmission of a light signal travelling between two fixed points on the surface of the Earth. Consider therefore a clock A located a distance l away from another clock B at the same latitude as shown in figure 1…”

Section: Detection Of Ether Drift Arising From Rotation Of the Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where c is the speed of light, σ ′ d is infinitesimal distance in the moving frame, E ω is the angular velocity of the rotating Earth and z A d ′ is the infinitesimal area in the rotating coordinate system swept out by a vector from the rotation axis to the light pulse and projected onto a plane parallel to the equatorial plane. Performing the integration required in (1) yields (Gift, 2010;2013…”

Section: Detection Using Gps Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For westward transmission again appropriately performing the integration in (1) yields the total time t Δ for light to travel the path westward from clock B to clock A given by (Gift, 2010;2013…”

Section: Westward Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of the Ether Using the Global Positioning System

Gift¹

2021

APR

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In this paper the latest evidence for the existence of a cosmic ether obtained using modern technology is reviewed. The synchronized clocks of the GPS are applied in the search for ether drift by direct measurement of light travel times in the East-West direction. This method reveals that light travels faster West than East and therefore indicates the existence of an Earth-bound ether which we identify as the Earth-centered Inertial (ECI) frame for light transmission. The GPS clocks are then applied in the search for ether drift by direct measurement of light travel times in a modified Michelson-Morley experiment. The East-West light speed difference enables the unambiguous detection of ether drift and the direct confirmation of the existence of a preferred frame. The range equation of the GPS that operates in the Earth-centered inertial (ECI) frame is employed to demonstrate ether drift for rotational motion and Time Transfer technology involving a geo-stationary GPS satellite provides further confirmation of ether drift resulting from the rotating Earth. Finally, using a model applicable in the sun-centered inertial (SCI) frame with Coordinated Universal Time, light speed variation arising from the Earth's orbital motion for light reflected from planets and spacecraft and received at the surface of the Earth is demonstrated. The evidence then is that modern technology has detected ether drift for rotational and orbital motion from the frame of the moving Earth.

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Section: Detection Of Ether Drift Arising From Rotation Of the Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Using Gps Clocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of the Ether Using the Global Positioning System

Gift¹

2021

APR

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“…The Lorentz transformations and special relativity have been at the center of ongoing controversy since the inception of the theory (Essen, 1971;Dingle, 1972;Bethell, 2009). In light of the elementary but unassailable results derived in this paper as well as the considerable contradicting evidence now available (Sato, 2010;Marmet, 2000;Kelly, 2005;Hayden, 1991;Gift, 2010aGift, , 2010bGift, , 2010cGift, , 2012aGift, , 2013Wallace, 1969;Navia et al, 2007;Nodland & Ralston, 1997), the continuing use of the Lorentz transformations and special relativity lacks intellectual integrity and is scientifically indefensible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Time Transfer and the Sagnac Correction in the GPS

Gift¹

2014

APR

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Time transfer from a GPS satellite to a receiver fixed on the surface of the rotating Earth is investigated. Using experimentally confirmed GPS light signal transfer time and a simple kinematic calculation, light speed variation is demonstrated for light travelling between the satellite and the ground-based receiver. This variable speed is also determined using classical principles applied to light transmission relative to the terrestrial receiver moving as a result of the rotating Earth, all within the Earth-Centred Inertial (ECI) frame. These results produce the accurate time transfer algorithm without any correction and lead to the re-interpretation of the "Sagnac correction" considered by the ITU to be a necessary time correction in GPS time transfer. They also lead to a revision of the Lorentz Transformations that yields the Selleri Transformations which better accord with the observed light speed variation and confirmed relativistic phenomena in the physical world.

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“…The valuable inspiration we have found in the contributions of Walther Ritz (1908Ritz ( , 1909, Hans ), Paul Harzer (1920), Stefan Marinov (1974) Franco Selleri (1996, S.J.G. Gift (2013Gift ( -2015, and Sergey N. Artekha et al (2017). Vol.…”

Section: ) Mean Speeds For Circular Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled Double-Jet Mixing of Light Speeds in the Trigonometric Realm

Stávek¹

2018

APR

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We were inspired by three great concepts: 1. Pythagorean means, 2. Pierre de Fermat´s principle of the least time, 3. Michael Faraday´s concept of vibrating rays in longitudinal and transverse directions. We have formulated an extended Doppler formula for rectilinear motions in the absolute spacetime where both postulates of the special relativity are valid. The second postulate of the special relativity for rectilinear motions was derived as the harmonic mean speed based on the Pythagoras-Fermat-Faraday (PF and the wavelength of that light beam is extended by the same factor. The Doppler formula for light beams can be tested for the rotating source and the detector placed close to the rim of that rotating disk in a defined position. In order to obtain new experimental data we propose to construct the Michelson-Morley-HarressSagnac interferometer where rotating disks have being attached to both arms of the Michelson interferometer. In rotating disks we might prepare light beams with defined independent values of their longitudinal speeds and after the mixing of these two light beams on their return path to the detector we might observe predicted fringe shifts. In these circular paths the second postulate of the special relativity is not valid. The full composition of Doppler formula is given by the interplay of the macro Doppler effect (the relative motion of the source and observer) and the micro Doppler effect (the combination of the longitudinal and transverse vibration speeds of that oscillating particle -the elasticity of the photon wave).Keywords: Pythagorean means, Fermat´s principle of the least time, Faraday´s concept of vibrating rays, extended Doppler formula for rectilinear and circular motions, controlled double-jet mixing of light speeds, micro Doppler effect, macro Doppler effect

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Light Transmission and the Sagnac Effect on the Rotating Earth

Cited by 5 publications

References 38 publications

Detection of the Ether Using the Global Positioning System

Detection of the Ether Using the Global Positioning System

Time Transfer and the Sagnac Correction in the GPS

Controlled Double-Jet Mixing of Light Speeds in the Trigonometric Realm

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