We present results of the transmitted, reflected, and absorbed power associated with the enhanced transmittance of light through a silver film pierced by a periodic array of subwavelength holes. Comparing experimentally acquired dispersion curves under different polarization conditions shows that the transmission features of the array are consistent with p-polarized resonant modes of the structure. By exploring the regime in which no propagating diffracted orders are allowed, we further show that the transmittance maxima are associated with both reflectance minima and absorption maxima. These new results provide strong experimental evidence for transmission based on diffraction, assisted by the enhanced fields associated with surface plasmon polaritons. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.107401 PACS numbers: 78.20.Ci, 41.20.Jb, 42.25.Fx, 73.20.Mf The observation of the enhanced transmission of light through a metallic film perforated by an array of subwavelength holes [1] sparked a wealth of research seeking to explain the underlying physics. For light of wavelength , a hole less than =2 in diameter in a thick metal film does not support any propagating modes; energy can propagate only by an evanescent tunneling process leading to very weak transmittance -in marked contrast to the experimental observations.Initial explanations considered coupling of the incident light via diffraction to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes of the metallic structure [1,2]. Many different theoretical approaches have since been adopted, all replicating the normal incidence transmission spectra [3][4][5][6][7]; consequently, more than just the normal incidence transmission spectrum needs to be explored if one is to obtain a clearer picture of the underlying physics. Despite a convergence of views among many theorists that the enhanced transmission involves multiple diffraction enhanced by SPPs [5][6][7][8][9], there remains some controversy surrounding the transmission mechanism; not all authors agree that surface plasmons are involved. (Note that explanations based on results from 1D arrays of slits cannot be used, and the physics is very different; sub-=2 slits can support propagating modes, while sub-=2 holes cannot [10].) As noted elsewhere [8], the experimental evidence obtained thus far is consistent with the involvement of SPPs rather than conclusive about their involvement. We present new experimental data not just of the transmittance, but also of the reflectivity and absorbance. We investigate two unexplored far-field signatures of SPPs in this context, their polarized nature and their dissipative character; we are thus able to identify the role played by SPPs in the transmission process.Diffraction is central to the transmission process. Diffraction of the incident plane wave by the array produces waves with the required evanescent character; diffraction of the transmitted evanescent wave on the far side of the array then produces the propagating transmitted light. However, these diffraction processes are independent of the...