Lighting in outer space: a review of the research and development of the exterior luminaires and lamps for the International Space Station

Abstract

With the launch and assembly of the International Space Station, it has become necessary to provide lighting systems that can survive and operate in the outer space environment. Floodlights are required while astronauts are outside the Space Station, performing assembly, maintenance and experimentation. Larger floodlights also are required for the various video camera systems on the station's exterior. This paper describes both the lamp and luminaire development for the systems. It discusses simulation of microgravity conditions on Earth needed to evaluate high intensity discharge lamp performance. The paper covers aspects of the mechanical and photometric design of the equipment. The effects of atomic oxygen, micrometeorite bombardment, thermal extremes, cosmic and gamma rays, corona and ultraviolet bombardment are considered. Details and specifications of the lamps and luminaires are provided.