Lightness depends on immediately prior experience

Annan, Vidal; Gilchrist, Alan

doi:10.3758/bf03194986

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In our study, we define articulation as the number of different surfaces within a framework. This understanding of articulation was also shared by Katz ( 1935 ), who first introduced the term and reported that greater articulation within a region of illumination leads to a higher degree of lightness constancy (Annan & Gilchrist, 2004 ; Arend & Goldstein, 1987 ; Burzlaff, 1931 ; Gilchrist et al, 1999 ; Henneman, 1935 ; Lotto & Purves, 1999 ). The exact mechanism via which articulation influences lightness processing is not known.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Role Of Articulation In the Depth Effect On LImentioning

confidence: 73%

Depth Effect on Lightness Revisited: The Role of Articulation, Proximity and Fields of Illumination

Radonjić

Gilchrist

2013

i-Perception

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The coplanar ratio principle proposes that when the luminance range in an image is larger than the canonical reflectance range of 30:1, the lightness of a target surface depends on the luminance ratio between that target and its adjacent coplanar neighbor (Gilchrist, 1980). This conclusion is based on experiments in which changes in the perceived target depth produced large changes in its perceived lightness without significantly altering the observers' retinal image. Using the same paradigm, we explored how this depth effect on lightness depends on display complexity (articulation), proximity of the target to its highest coplanar luminance and spatial distribution of fields of illumination. Importantly, our experiments allowed us to test differing predictions made by the anchoring theory (Gilchrist et al., 1999), the coplanar ratio principle, as well as other models. We report three main findings, generally consistent with anchoring theory predictions: (1) Articulation can substantially increase the depth effect. (2) Target lightness depends not on the adjacent luminance but on the highest coplanar luminance, irrespective of its position relative to the target. (3) When a plane contains multiple fields of illumination, target lightness depends on the highest luminance in its field of illumination, not on the highest coplanar luminance.

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Section: Experiments 1: Role Of Articulation In the Depth Effect On LImentioning

confidence: 73%

Depth Effect on Lightness Revisited: The Role of Articulation, Proximity and Fields of Illumination

Radonjić

Gilchrist

2013

i-Perception

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“…A clear order effect was shown, and some visual features were found more influenced by earlier items (location) whereas some by later (size, motion, expressions). An update of one's percept for visual features changing over time has been reported even in the case of lightness illusions (Annan & Gilchrist, 2004). In these experiments, the lightness change was driven by the change of surfaces in the scene and the initial moments carried more weight.…”

Section: Integration Of Serially Sampled Informationmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lightness perception for surfaces moving through different illumination levels

2016

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Lightness perception has mainly been studied with static scenes so far. This study presents four experiments investigating lightness perception under dynamic illumination conditions. We asked participants for lightness matches of a virtual three-dimensional target moving through a light field while their eye movements were recorded. We found that the target appeared differently, depending on the direction of motion in the light field and its precise position in the light field. Lightness was also strongly affected by the choice of fixation positions with the spatiotemporal image sequence. Overall, lightness constancy was improved when observers could freely view the object, over when they were forced to fixate certain regions. Our results show that dynamic scenes and nonuniform light fields are particularly challenging for our visual system. Eye movements in such scenarios are chosen to improve lightness constancy.

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“…Following the explanation I offered in my review of a previous version of their critique, Howe et al acknowledge that the miniature room could have been peripherally anchored to the white of the Munsell chart, therefore appearing gray rather than white. However, they choose to reject this account with the argument that the luminance of a scene viewed earlier can affect the lightness of a scene viewed later "only when there are regions common to both scenes (Annan & Gilchrist, 2004)". This is simply not the case.…”

Section: Rationale Of Double Anchoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The place of white in a world of grays: A double-anchoring theory of lightness perception.

Bressan

2006

Psychological Review

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1The specific grey shades in a visual scene can be derived from relative luminance values only when an anchoring rule is followed. The double-anchoring theory I propose in this paper, as a development of the anchoring theory of , assumes that any given region (a) belongs to one or more frameworks, created by Gestalt grouping principles, and (b) is independently anchored, within each framework, to both the highest luminance and the surround luminance. The region's final lightness is a weighted average of the values computed, relative to both anchors, in all frameworks. The new model not only accounts for all lightness illusions that are qualitatively explained by the anchoring theory but also for a number of additional effects, and it does so quantitatively, with the support of mathematical simulations.Keywords: lightness illusions, simultaneous lightness contrast, highest luminance, anchoring theories, illumination discounting All at once his white shirt blazed out, and I came out after him from shadow into full sunlight... -Ursula LeGuin, The Left Hand of DarknessOur visual world can be treated as a collection of groups of surfaces that belong together, either by design, like the black and white stripes on the zebra's back or the four regions in Figure 1a, or by accident, like the combination of sky fragments and tree branches through my window every morning at eight o'clock. Groups such as these have been called frameworks . Depending on the structural complexity of its context, a region can simultaneously belong to two or more nested frameworks, as is indeed the case with most objects in our visual experience. In the example of Figure 1a, what we may call the global 1 This article is a result of the cognitive dissonance stemming from my enchantment with the anchoring theory and my subsequent, and unplanned, experience of double-increment illusions. I am indebted to Peter Kramer, Dejan Todorović, Dave Rose, Ennio Mingolla, Luigi Burigana, Joe Cataliotti, Fred Bonato, Nicola Bruno, Tom Troscianko, Elias Economou, Suncica Zdravkovic, Piers Howe, Daniele Zavagno, and Fred Kingdom for their critical reading of one or the other of the several drafts of this manuscript. Special thanks to Alan Gilchrist for innumerable exchanges-an honor and a pleasure.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Paola Bressan, Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. E-mail: paola.bressan@unipd.it DOUBLE-ANCHORING THEORY OF LIGHTNESS framework (by temporarily ignoring the page and the visible rest of the room) is composed of two side-by-side local frameworks, each containing a grey patch on a uniform background. The interesting aspect of this familiar display is that the two patches are the same physical shade of grey, but the one in the black field appears lighter than the other. In spite of its apparent irrelevance to the issue of lightness, the multiple-framework idea, developed by Gilchrist and his collaborators, explains precisely why this should be so. The ...

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Lightness depends on immediately prior experience

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Depth Effect on Lightness Revisited: The Role of Articulation, Proximity and Fields of Illumination

Depth Effect on Lightness Revisited: The Role of Articulation, Proximity and Fields of Illumination

Lightness perception for surfaces moving through different illumination levels

The place of white in a world of grays: A double-anchoring theory of lightness perception.

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