2017
DOI: 10.3390/atmos8020036
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Lightning and Rainfall Characteristics in Elevated vs. Surface Based Convection in the Midwest that Produce Heavy Rainfall

Abstract: There are differences in the character of surface-based and elevated convection, and one type may pose a greater threat to life or property. The lightning and rainfall characteristics of eight elevated and eight surface-based thunderstorm cases that occurred between 2007 and 2010 over the central Continental United States were tested for statistical differences. Only events that produced heavy rain (>50.8 mm·day −1 ) were investigated. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used to determine if the characteri… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…Different types of convection even lead to different levels of threat to life and property. As revealed by Kastman et al [57], compared to surface based convection, elevated convection favors more severe lightning and heavier rainfall. CAPE is used to evaluate the convective potential for the atmosphere, i.e., the energy with which the air parcel could keep rising when there are no external forces [58][59][60].…”
Section: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Factorsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Different types of convection even lead to different levels of threat to life and property. As revealed by Kastman et al [57], compared to surface based convection, elevated convection favors more severe lightning and heavier rainfall. CAPE is used to evaluate the convective potential for the atmosphere, i.e., the energy with which the air parcel could keep rising when there are no external forces [58][59][60].…”
Section: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Factorsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…This value must have been maintained for at least 24 hr as it impacted the study region (Figure ) and must have been associated with heavy (>50.8 mm) rainfall events. These events are typically associated with flooding events across the region of study (Kastman et al ., ; ), and represent the largest 24‐hr rainfall events during the study period (two events per year). Using this criterion, 15 AR events were identified over the 15‐year period and this result is consistent with those used by many recent studies (see Debbage et al ., ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since the onset of the remote sensing era, there have been many advances in the analysis and forecasting of high‐impact weather, especially heavy precipitation events (e.g., Stephens and Kummerow, ; Bosart et al ., ; Kastman et al ., ; ). There is still much work needed, however, in order to understand better the dynamics of these atmospheric phenomena (e.g., Lupo et al ., ; Kastman et al ., ; ). The purpose of this study is to garner a better understanding for the antecedent factors that contribute to or are associated with heavy rainfall events across the North‐Central Mississippi River Valley.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The study below will analyze convective environments that show both purely and hybrid elevated convective environments [18]. While the general hazards of thunderstorms are similar for both environments [5,6], contrasting the evolution of the environment and differing characteristics of the systems that evolve are important findings of this study.…”
Section: Defining Elevated Convectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elevated thunderstorm complexes pose numerous threats and are well established as producers of heavy rainfall [1][2][3][4], flash flooding [3][4][5], and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes [4,6,7]. Furthermore, these elevated complexes are suspected of disrupting synoptic boundary location and movement [8,9] as cold pools from convection interact with surface boundaries.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%