Lightning fatalities in Colombia from 2000 to 2009

Navarrete, Norberto; Cooper, Mary Ann; Holle, Ronald L.

doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1254-9

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Far more males (89%) than females (5%) have been killed by lightning flashes in India, as shown in Figure 7. These findings are in contrast to other regions such as South Africa (64%) (Eriksson and Smith, 1986), United Kingdom (65%) (Elsom, 2001) and Swaziland (68%) (Dlamini, 2009), whereas they were found comparable to (79-89%) Singapore (Pakiam et al, 1981), England and Wales (Elsom, 1993), Australia (Coates et al, 1993), the United Statas Curran et al, 2000;Holle et al, 2005) and Colombia (Aldana et al, 2014). Remarkably, male and female fatality ratio indicates that males are killed 18 times more frequently than females.…”

Section: Gender Variationscontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Noteworthy, the rates for fatality per million people per year were 0.42 in the United States for 1959-1994 (Curran et al, 2000) and 0.31 in China for 1997-2009 (Zhang et al, 2011). Surprisingly, the rate of fatality in India is one-third the rate of 0.8 in Brazil for -2009(Cardoso et al, 2014, one-seventh the rate of 1.7 in Singapore for 1961-1979and in Colombia from 2000-2009(Pakiam et al, 1981Aldana et al, 2014), while one-fiftieth the rate of 12.3 in Zimbabwe (Castle and Kreft, 1974) and one-sixtieth the rate of 15.5 in Swaziland from 2000 to 2007 (Dlamini, 2009), the highest recorded in the world now. In contrast, the fatality rate of 0.25 per million people per year in India is much higher than the rates of 0.008 in Australia for 1910-1989(Coates et al, 1993, 0.05 in the United Kingdom for 1993-1999(Elsom, 2001) and 0.17 in France for 1979-1996(Groubiere, 1999.…”

Section: Lightning Incidence In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, there has been little systematic collection of information on lightning deaths in many regions of the world making it difficult to estimate the global annual rates of lightning fatalities (Gomes and Kadir, 2011). The reported fatalities published in different reports, proceedings and refereed journals are from the United States (Pakiam et al, 1981;Lopez et al, 1993;Lopez and Holle, 1995, 1996, 1998Shearman and Ojala, 1999;Curran et al, 2000;Cooper, 2001;Adekoya and Nolte, 2005;Holle et al, 2005), Canada (Hornstein, 1962;Mills et al, 2006Mills et al, , 2008Mills et al, , 2010, Malawi Salerno et al, 2012), Zimbabwe (Castle and Kreft, 1974;Smith, 1991), Australia (Coates et al, 1993), the United Kingdom (Elsom, 2001), Brazil (Cardoso et al, 2014), China (Zhang et al, 2011), South Africa (Blumenthal, 2005), Swaziland (Dlamini, 2009), Colombia (Aldana et al, 2014), Spain (Aguado et al, 2000), Turkey (Tanriover and Kahraman, 2013), Singapore (Pakiam et al, 1981) and Vietnam (Holle, 2008). However, the studies pertaining to lightning fatalities over the Indian region are scanty, except for a few studies by Nizamuddin (1992), Murli Das et al (2007, 2009) and Gadge and Shrigiriwar (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lightning fatalities over India: 1979–2011

Singh

2015

Meteorological Applications

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Information on fatalities in India as a result of lightning flashes has been extracted from a database on disastrous weather events of the India Meteorological Department (IMD). Records dating from 1979 to 2011 indicate that about 5259 persons have been killed by lightning strikes in India. The maximum number of lightning fatalities was observed in the states of Maharashtra (29%), West Bengal (12%) and Uttar Pradesh (9%). The spatial variation shows that lightning fatalities are higher over west central India. A significant number of males (89%) have been killed by lightning flashes compared to females (5%) and children (6%) in India, which is most likely due to the larger proportion of males working and moving outdoors in lonely conditions. The overall fatality rate is about 0.25 per million population per year in India. The lightning fatalities are significantly more common in the rainy and the summer seasons. Comparisons were also made between the results of the present study and similar studies carried out in different parts of the world. Therefore, this study provides useful information on the risky lightning time in India to indicate a public awareness and lightning safety campaign.

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Section: Gender Variationscontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Lightning Incidence In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lightning fatalities over India: 1979–2011

Singh

2015

Meteorological Applications

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“…While some authors have analysed natural hazard mortality data that include many hazard types (e.g. Shah, 1983;Noji, 1991;Borden and Cutter, 2008), the bulk of studies have focussed on a distinct hazard process. Jonkman (2005) studied statistics about loss of human life caused by various freshwater flood types (river floods, flash floods and drainage problems) on a global scale and for the period from 1975 to June 2002 based on the EM-DAT International Disaster Database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural hazard fatalities in Switzerland from 1946 to 2015

Badoux

Andres

Techel³

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

119

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Abstract. A database of fatalities caused by natural hazard processes in Switzerland was compiled for the period between 1946 and 2015. Using information from the Swiss flood and landslide damage database and the Swiss destructive avalanche database, the data set was extended back in time and more hazard processes were added by conducting an in-depth search of newspaper reports. The new database now covers all natural hazards common in Switzerland, categorised into seven process types: flood, landslide, rockfall, lightning, windstorm, avalanche and other processes (e.g. ice avalanches, earthquakes). Included were all fatal accidents associated with natural hazard processes in which victims did not expose themselves to an important danger on purpose. The database contains information on 635 natural hazard events causing 1023 fatalities, which corresponds to a mean of 14.6 victims per year. The most common causes of death were snow avalanches (37 %), followed by lightning (16 %), floods (12 %), windstorms (10 %), rockfall (8 %), landslides (7 %) and other processes (9 %). About 50 % of all victims died in one of the 507 single-fatality events; the other half were killed in the 128 multi-fatality events. The number of natural hazard fatalities that occurred annually during our 70-year study period ranged from 2 to 112 and exhibited a distinct decrease over time. While the number of victims in the first three decades (until 1975) ranged from 191 to 269 per decade, it ranged from 47 to 109 in the four following decades. This overall decrease was mainly driven by a considerable decline in the number of avalanche and lightning fatalities. About 75 % of victims were males in all natural hazard events considered together, and this ratio was roughly maintained in all individual process categories except landslides (lower) and other processes (higher). The ratio of male to female victims was most likely to be balanced when deaths occurred at home (in or near a building), a situation that mainly occurred in association with landslides and avalanches. The average age of victims of natural hazards was 35.9 years and, accordingly, the age groups with the largest number of victims were the 20–29 and 30–39 year-old groups, which in combination represented 34 % of all fatalities. It appears that the overall natural hazard mortality rate in Switzerland over the past 70 years has been relatively low in comparison to rates in other countries or rates of other types of fatal accidents in Switzerland. However, a large variability in mortality rates was observed within the country with considerably higher rates in Alpine environments.

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“…Wilson () reports 7.8 deaths M −1 year −1 for Cambodia (2007–2011), Navarrete‐Aldana et al . () report 1.8 deaths M −1 year −1 for Colombia (2000–2009), and Pinto et al . () found a significantly lower 0.7 deaths M −1 year −1 for Brazil (2000–2009).…”

Section: Comparisons With Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking reduction in the annual number of lightning fatalities in the United Kingdom since the 1850s

Elsom

2015

Weather

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Since 1852, the number of UK lightning fatalities has decreased markedly from 1.1 deaths per million people per year in the 1850s to 0.01 by the 2010s. The activities people were undertaking when killed and their locations have changed markedly. In the 1850s, most victims were working outdoors in labour‐intensive agriculture or were indoors in ungrounded buildings. Today, fewer people work in agriculture and safe locations are readily available (well‐grounded buildings and fully‐enclosed motor vehicles). Currently, most lightning victims ‐ far fewer annually than in the late eighteenth century ‐ are those participating in outdoor leisure, recreation and sport activities.

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Lightning fatalities in Colombia from 2000 to 2009

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Lightning fatalities over India: 1979–2011

Lightning fatalities over India: 1979–2011

Natural hazard fatalities in Switzerland from 1946 to 2015

Striking reduction in the annual number of lightning fatalities in the United Kingdom since the 1850s

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