Lightning protection of wind turbines – a comparison of measured data with required protection levels

Peesapati, Vidyadhar; Cotton, Ian; Sørensen, Troels; Krogh, Thomas; Kokkinos, N.

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0107

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In principle, this is due to the fact that the measurement data of lightning currents obtained from actual wind farm sites are not openly available, although they do exist for some wind farms (mainly in Japan), and there is no official recommendation on how to choose these parameters for onshore and offshore wind farms. There are some noteworthy exceptions, such as , but these often tend to be mainly concerned with the Japanese winter lightning, due to its adverse effects on wind turbines. At the same time, the IEC 61400‐24 does not provide guidance on this matter, apart from stating general lightning current parameters typically associated with downward lightning that are carried over from the more general IEC 62305.…”

Section: Computational Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of lightning current amplitudes incident to wind turbines in exposed locations

Sarajčev

Goić

2014

Wind Energy

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This paper proposes a novel and comprehensive methodology for estimation of lightning current amplitudes, which are incident to wind turbines (WT) at lightning-exposed locations, i.e., hilltops. The proposed methodology takes into the account the following aspects related to WT lightning incidence: (i) site topology and keraunic level, (ii)statistical nature of lightning currents, (iii) WT effective height, (iv) dependence of lightning current amplitudes on the WT effective height, (v) influence of an upward-initiated connecting streamers interaction with a downward-propagating step leader on the WT lightning attractiveness, and (vi) both downward and upward lightning strikes and their relative contribution in relation to the WT effective height. This methodology could be perceived as beneficial in providing relevant lightning-current amplitudes-particularly at lightning-endangered locations and wind farm sites characterized by high soil resistivity-for wind turbine and wind farm overvoltage protection and backsurge studies, as well as the WT grounding systems transient analysis.

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Section: Computational Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of lightning current amplitudes incident to wind turbines in exposed locations

Sarajčev

Goić

2014

Wind Energy

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“…Moreover, in investigating these issues, some parameters should be considered. These include sensitivity, selectivity, and the speed of response [111][112][113].…”

Section: Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection

Palizban

Kauhaniemi

Guerrero

2014

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

110

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Abstract. The development of distribution networks for participation in active network management (ANM) and smart grids is introduced using the microgrid concept. In recent years, this issue has been researched and implemented by many experts. The second part of this paper describes those developed operational concepts of microgrids that have an impact on their participation in ANM and in the requirements for achieving targets. Power quality is the most challenging task in microgrids, especially when the system switches from normal parallel operation (grid-connection mode) to island operation. Indeed, following planned or unplanned transitions to island mode, microgrids may develop instability. For this reason, the paper addresses the principles behind island-detection methods, black-start operation, fault management, and protection systems, along with a comprehensive review of power quality.Finally, island detection and the other topics are summarized with a flowchart and tables.

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“…The IEC standards do specify the testing procedures to ensure a particular design is suitable to implement on operational wind farms. In the modern turbine designs, it is a common practice to use three receptor points on each blade for lightning protection . These receptors, as shown in Figure as LR1, LR2 and LR3.…”

Section: Reducing the Number Of Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the integration of lightning protection with stealth coated wind turbine blades

2013

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In this paper, we consider the problem of reducing the radar cross section of a wind turbine blade through the application of radar absorbing material (RAM). One problem encountered by these techniques is the integration of the RAM solution with the existing lightning protection system, which is mandatory requirement to protect the blade when in operation. A common form of lightning protection is the use of conducting lightning receptors on the surface of the blade. To ensure the protection system is effective, a clearance area around the receptor may be required before any RAM treatment is applied. The size of the clearance area and the number of lightning receptors therefore potentially reduce the effectiveness of the RAM treatment. Design guidelines are given in this paper for a generic 40 m blade geometry. Some modelling results of the radar cross section and Doppler signature from a RAM treated blade are presented, and a comment is also made on the importance the blade edges have in reducing radar effects.

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Lightning protection of wind turbines – a comparison of measured data with required protection levels

Cited by 33 publications

References 10 publications

Estimation of lightning current amplitudes incident to wind turbines in exposed locations

Estimation of lightning current amplitudes incident to wind turbines in exposed locations

Microgrids in active network management – part II: System operation, power quality and protection

On the integration of lightning protection with stealth coated wind turbine blades

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