Many Internet of things application scenarios have the characteristics of limited hardware resources and limited energy supply, which are not suitable for traditional security technology. The security technology based on the physical mechanism has attracted extensive attention. How to improve the key generation rate has always been one of the urgent problems to be solved in the security technology based on the physical mechanism. In this paper, superlattice technology is introduced to the security field of Internet of things, and a high-speed symmetric key generation scheme based on superlattice for Internet of things is proposed. In order to ensure the efficiency and privacy of data transmission, we also combine the superlattice symmetric key and compressive sensing technology to build a lightweight data transmission scheme that supports data compression and data encryption at the same time. Theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to the most closely related work.