Lignification and Tannin Localization During the Development of Birdsfoot Trefoil Stems

Hunt, Sara R.; MacAdam, Jennifer W.; Griggs, Thomas C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2013.09.0592

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Hays fed were: birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L., variety Langille), sainfoin (SAN; Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., variety Shoshone), small burnet (SML; Sanguisorba minor Scop., variety Delar), alfalfa (ALF; Medicago sativa L., variety DKA43-22RR), cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L., variety Monarch), and meadow bromegrass (MB; Bromis riparius Rehmann, variety Cache; Jensen et al, 2004). Birdsfoot trefoil and SAN are tannincontaining legumes (Hunt et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2015), SML is a tannin-containing forb (Barry and McNabb, 1999), ALF and CMV are non-tannincontaining legumes (Broderick and Albrecht, 1997), and MB is a grass. All hays were cut in June of 2016 and at that time the legumes and SML were in the early flowering stage of development while MB was in the heading stage.…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1

Stewart

Beauchemin

Dai

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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The objective of this study was to determine whether feeding tannin-containing hays to heifers and mature beef cows influences enteric methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion relative to feeding traditional legume and grass hays. Fifteen mature beef cows (Exp. 1) and 9 yearling heifers (Exp. 2) were each randomly assigned to treatment groups in an incomplete bock design with 2 periods and 6 types of hays with 3 hays fed each period (n = 5 cows and 3 heifers per treatment). Groups were fed tannin-containing [birdsfoot trefoil (BFT), sainfoin (SAN), small burnet (SML)] or non-tannin-containing [alfalfa (ALF), cicer milkvetch (CMV), meadow bromegrass (MB)] hays. Each period consisted of 14 d of adjustment followed by 5 d of sample collection. Nine cows and 9 heifers were selected for the measurement of enteric CH4 emissions (sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas technique), and excretion of feces and urine, while dry matter intake (DMI) was measured for all animals. The concentration of condensed tannins in SAN and BFT was 2.5 ± 0.50% and 0.6 ± 0.09% of dry matter (DM), respectively, while SML contained hydrolyzable tannins (4.5 ± 0.55% of DM). Cows and heifers fed tannin-containing hays excreted less urinary urea N (g/d; P < 0.001) and showed lower concentrations of blood urea N (mg/dL; P < 0.001) than animals fed ALF or CMV, indicating that tannins led to a shift in route of N excretion from urine to feces. Additionally, cows fed either BFT or CMV showed the greatest percentage of retained N (P < 0.001). Enteric CH4 yield (g/kg of DMI) from heifers (P = 0.089) was greatest for MB, while daily CH4 production (g/d) from heifers (P = 0.054) was least for SML. However, digestibility of crude protein was reduced for cows (P < 0.001) and heifers (P < 0.001) consuming SML. The results suggest that tannin-containing hays have the potential to reduce urinary urea N excretion, increase N retention, and reduce enteric CH4 emissions from beef cattle. The non-bloating tannin-free legume CMV may also reduce environmental impacts relative to ALF and MB hays by reducing N excretion in urine and increasing N retention.

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Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1

Stewart

Beauchemin

Dai

et al. 2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Differences in lignin composition and structure between alfalfa hay and birdsfoot trefoil hay can also influence the digestibility of NDF in the rumen; despite birdsfoot trefoil hay having 15% increased lignin concentration, in vitro NDF digestibility of birdsfoot trefoil hay was numerically greater than alfalfa hay (35.8 vs. 31.2%; Table 1). Recently, Hunt et al (2014) reported that lignification of stems and leaves of birdsfoot trefoil as plants matured and elongated was different from that of alfalfa, thereby causing potential cell wall differences that could affect digestion rates of NDF in the 2 legume forages. In addition to cell wall chemical differences, MacAdam and Griggs (2013) reported greater NFC concentration in birdsfoot trefoil hay than alfalfa hay when both species were harvested at 6-wk intervals.…”

Section: Intake Of Dm and Nutrients Digestibility And Milk Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay on neutral detergent fiber digestion, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and lactational performance by dairy cows

Christensen

Yang

Eun

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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This experiment was conducted to determine effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diets in comparison with an alfalfa hay-based diet on N utilization efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and lactational performance by mid-lactation dairy cows. Nine multiparous lactating Holstein cows (131 ± 22.6 d in milk), 3 of which were rumen fistulated, were fed 3 experimental diets in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 14 d of adaptation and 7 d of data and sample collection. Within squares, cows were randomly assigned to diets as follows: alfalfa hay-based diet (AHT), alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diet (ABT), and birdsfoot trefoil hay-based diet (BT). Intakes of dry matter and crude protein were similar across treatments, whereas ABT and BT diets resulted in decreased fiber intake compared with AHT. Feeding BT tended to increase neutral detergent fiber digestibility compared with AHT and ABT. Milk yield tended to increase for cows consuming ABT or BT diets. Milk true protein concentration and yield were greater for cows consuming ABT relative to those fed AHT. Concentration of total volatile fatty acids tended to increase by cows fed BT compared with those fed AHT and ABT. Feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay in a total mixed ration resulted in a tendency to decrease acetate proportion, but it tended to increase propionate proportion, leading to a tendency to decrease acetate-to-propionate ratio. Whereas concentration of ammonia-N was similar across treatments, cows offered BT exhibited greater microbial protein yield relative to those fed AHT and ABT. Cows offered birdsfoot trefoil hay diets secreted more milk N than AHT, resulting in improved N utilization efficiency for milk N. The positive effects due to feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay were attributed to enhanced neutral detergent fiber digestion, and thus it could replace alfalfa hay in high-forage dairy diets while improving N utilization efficiencies and maintaining lactational performance compared with alfalfa hay.

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“…While ALF and CMV had similar whole‐plant ADL concentrations, ALF has more rigid, erect stems whereas CMV has less rigid, vine‐like stems. These differences in stem structure could result from differences in the amount, type, or localization of lignin in stem‐fiber cell walls 44 and result in greater isolated NDF DDM of CMV compared with ALF. The grass had the least ADL, which was positively correlated with undigested NDF OM and negatively correlated with isolated NDF asymptotic gas volume.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro digestibility of mountain‐grown irrigated perennial legume, grass and forb forages is influenced by elevated non‐fibrous carbohydrates and plant secondary compounds

et al. 2020

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BACKGROUND Perennial legumes cultivated under irrigation in the Mountain West USA have non‐fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) concentrations exceeding 400 g kg−1, a level commonly found in concentrate‐based ruminant diets. Our objective was to determine the influence of NFC concentration and plant secondary compounds on in vitro rumen digestion of grass, legume and forb forages compared with digestion of their isolated neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fraction. Forages were composited from ungrazed paddocks of rotationally stocked, irrigated monoculture pastures between May and August 2016, frozen in the field, freeze‐dried, and ground. RESULTS The maximum rate (RMax) of gas production was greater for the legumes alfalfa (ALF; Medicago sativa L.) and birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) than for the legume cicer milkvetch (CMV; Astragalus cicer L.) the grass meadow brome (MBG; Bromus riparius Rehm.) and the non‐legume forb small burnet (SMB; Sanguisorba minor Scop.), and intermediate for the legume sainfoin (SNF; Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.). The RMax of isolated NDF was greatest for BFT and CMV, intermediate for ALF, SNF and SMB and least for MBG. CONCLUSIONS More than 900 g of organic matter kg−1 dry matter of legumes was digested after 96 h. Across forages, the extent of whole‐plant digestion increased with NFC and crude protein concentrations, decreased with NDF concentrations, and was modulated by secondary compounds. The extent of digestion of isolated NDF decreased with concentration of lignin and residual tannins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Lignification and Tannin Localization During the Development of Birdsfoot Trefoil Stems

Cited by 9 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1

Effect of tannin-containing hays on enteric methane emissions and nitrogen partitioning in beef cattle1

Effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil hay on neutral detergent fiber digestion, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and lactational performance by dairy cows

In vitro digestibility of mountain‐grown irrigated perennial legume, grass and forb forages is influenced by elevated non‐fibrous carbohydrates and plant secondary compounds

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