Lignification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pericarp tissue during blossom-end rot development

Reitz, Nicholas; Mitcham, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109759

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Peroxidase activity was chosen as a second indicator of enzymatic similarities between symptom development in discs and BER development on the plant. Peroxidase activity measured using an aromatic electron donor was shown to be greatly increased in BER fruit compared to healthy fruit [ 4 , 10 ]. This trend has been linked to increased lignification, and peroxidase trends presented by Reitz and Mitcham [ 10 ] are similar to those found for ascorbate oxidase activity in Additional file 3 : Figure S2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peroxidase activity measured using an aromatic electron donor was shown to be greatly increased in BER fruit compared to healthy fruit [ 4 , 10 ]. This trend has been linked to increased lignification, and peroxidase trends presented by Reitz and Mitcham [ 10 ] are similar to those found for ascorbate oxidase activity in Additional file 3 : Figure S2. In our disc system, peroxidase activity was significantly correlated to measures of tissue darkening (negatively correlated with L* values and positively correlated to a* values), suggesting a similar trend to that of increased peroxidase activity in BER affected whole fruit on the plant as compared to healthy fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation and demonstration of a pericarp disc system for studying blossom-end rot of tomatoes

Reitz

Mitcham

2021

Plant Methods

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Background Blossom-end rot in tomatoes is often used as a model system to study fruit calcium deficiency. The study of blossom-end rot development in tomatoes has been greatly impeded by the difficulty of directly studying and applying treatments to the affected cells. This manuscript presents a novel method for studying blossom-end rot development after harvest in immature whole fruit and in pericarp discs. Results Pericarp discs removed from the bottom pericarp of immature healthy fruit developed blossom-end rot like symptoms, corresponding to a decrease in L* value and an increase in a* value. Symptoms also developed in columella tissue, but not in stem-end pericarp tissue, similar to patterns observed during blossom-end rot development on the plant. Ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase activity, which are elevated in blossom-end rot affected fruit compared to healthy fruit, were both correlated with colorimetric measures of tissue darkening in discs. Respiration rate was higher in discs that later developed blossom-end rot symptoms, with increased respiration in asymptomatic discs on day 1 of storage being associated with symptom development on day 2. Calcium chloride and ascorbic acid treatments inhibited symptom development, demonstrating the potential of this method to provide causal evidence. Conclusions Results indicate that symptom development in this system is consistent with blossom-end rot development with regards to location, color change, and the activity of key enzymes. This system has the potential to be used to elucidate the cause of fruit calcium deficiency and improve knowledge of the biological basis for calcium’s diverse effects on fruit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and demonstration of a pericarp disc system for studying blossom-end rot of tomatoes

Reitz

Mitcham

2021

Plant Methods

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“…Most tomato fibers (87%) are represented by hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The increased dietary fiber content in space-treated tomato fruits is directly connected with plant lignification under stress conditions [40,41]. The lignin carbohydrate complex is known to increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses via the enhancement of plant tissue hardness and mechanical strength [42], and the stimulation of nutrient assimilation and water transport [43].…”

Section: Biometrical Parameters Dry Matter and Dietary Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Seed Spaceflight Storage on Tomato Fruit Quality and Peel/Pulp Mineral and Antioxidant Distribution

Golubkina,

Dzhos,

Bogachuk

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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The spaceflight storage of seeds is known to cause mutations affecting both their quality and the mature plants originating from them. To study the effects of space stress, tomato seeds of two cultivars (Lotus and Autumn rhapsody) were subjected to half a year of storage at the International Space Station (ISS), and then, sown in a greenhouse to produce tomato fruits. The space-treated plants gave smaller fruits with a stable total yield not significantly different from that of the control plants. Space-treated tomatoes showed significantly higher levels of dry matter, dietary fiber, monosaccharides and citric and malic acids and lower values of oxalic acid compared to the control plants. The pulp of space-treated fruits had 1.44–1.70 times lower levels of carotenoids, while their peel contained a 1.27–1.90 times higher pigment amount compared to the control plants. No significant changes in the total antioxidant activity (AOA), photosynthetic pigments and phenolic (TP) and proline content were recorded in the fruits due to seed spaceflight storage. Contrarily, space-treated tomatoes showed decreased levels of Ca, Sr and Mo and increased Se both in the fruit pulp and peel. The concentration of Fe and especially Pb was lower in space-treated fruit pulp. Positive correlations between Se and dry matter, Ca and Sr, Ca and Co, Ca and Fe, and Cr and carotenoids, and negative correlations between Se and Mo, Se and K, and Mo and dry matter were recorded. The results indicate that seed stress caused by long-term spaceflight affects both the biochemical characteristics and mineral composition of tomato fruits and causes the peel/pulp redistribution of carotenoids as well as macro- and micro-elements, improving Se accumulation levels in the fruit peel.

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“…Blossom-end rot also induces ROS, H 2 O 2 , and lignin accumulation. According to Reitz & Mitcham, enhanced expression of PRXs in blossom-end rot-infected tomatoes participates in defense lignification [ 101 ]. In addition, two PRX genes (VlPRX21 and VlPRX35) in the grapevine are involved in trans-resveratrol conversion to δ-vinifera and could be essential genes for δ-viniferin engineering for enhanced fungal defense in plants [ 102 ].…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Monolignols Biosynthesis and Lignificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin and Its Pathway-Associated Phytoalexins Modulate Plant Defense against Fungi

Ninkuu

Yan

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fungi infections cause approximately 60–70% yield loss through diseases such as rice blast, powdery mildew, Fusarium rot, downy mildew, etc. Plants naturally respond to these infections by eliciting an array of protective metabolites to confer physical or chemical protection. Among plant metabolites, lignin, a phenolic compound, thickens the middle lamella and the secondary cell walls of plants to curtail fungi infection. The biosynthesis of monolignols (lignin monomers) is regulated by genes whose transcript abundance significantly improves plant defense against fungi. The catalytic activities of lignin biosynthetic enzymes also contribute to the accumulation of other defense compounds. Recent advances focus on modifying the lignin pathway to enhance plant growth and defense against pathogens. This review presents an overview of monolignol regulatory genes and their contributions to fungi immunity, as reported over the last five years. This review expands the frontiers in lignin pathway engineering to enhance plant defense.

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Lignification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pericarp tissue during blossom-end rot development

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Validation and demonstration of a pericarp disc system for studying blossom-end rot of tomatoes

Validation and demonstration of a pericarp disc system for studying blossom-end rot of tomatoes

Effect of Seed Spaceflight Storage on Tomato Fruit Quality and Peel/Pulp Mineral and Antioxidant Distribution

Lignin and Its Pathway-Associated Phytoalexins Modulate Plant Defense against Fungi

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