Lignin and carbohydrate variation with earlywood, latewood, and compression wood content of bent and straight ramets of a radiata pine clone

Kibblewhite, R. P.; Suckling, Ian D.; Evans, Robert; Grace, J.; Riddell, Mark Jc

doi:10.1515/hf.2010.016

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The correlations between lignin and sugar yields seen in Figure 3a and b are in good agreement with recent results for P. taeda (Chen et al 2007), except that these authors reported a linear correlation between the concentrations of lignin and galactose across both OW and CW. A trend similar to that in Figure 3a was also observed for a much larger P. radiata data set (Kibblewhite et al 2008) (Figure 3c). However, considerably more scatter is evident in this data, due both to differences in the chemical compositions of earlywood and latewood, and to the high yields of galactose in juvenile OW.…”

Section: Criteria For Cw Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantitative chemical indicators to assess the gradation of compression wood

Nanayakkara¹,

Manley‐Harris

Suckling³

et al. 2009

HFSG

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A chemistry-based parameter has been sought for determining the gradation of compression wood (CW), i.e., the severity, in tissues of Pinus radiata wood. Fluorescence microscopy was the reference for characterisation of the tissues containing CW. The collected material contained CW of varying severity, beginning with normal wood (NW containing no CW), continuing with material with some features of CW (CW of mild severity, MCW) and ending up with a material with pronounced features of CW (CW of high severity, SCW). Matching opposite wood (OW) was also included in the study. The chemical analyses included lignin determination, sugar analysis in the acid hydrolysate, thioacidolysis, 31 P-NMR spectroscopic analysis and steric exclusion chromatography of thioacidolysis products. As the severity of CW changed progressively from NW through MCW to SCW, all chemical parameters changed concurrently. In particular, levels of galactose and lignin increased, while those of glucose and mannose decreased. The amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl b-ethers released by chemical degradation and uncondensed p-hydroxyphenyl C-9 units also increased at elevated CW severity levels. The amounts of galactose and the p-hydroxyphenyl content of the lignin correlated linearly with lignin for CW samples. The chemical differences between CW and OW in the stem, branch and seedling were similar, i.e., they are independent of the morphological origin of the sample. Parameters based on the p-hydroxyphenyl unit content appear the most suitable chemical indicators of CW severity, as they are least sensitive to the sample's morphological origin and their response to CW severity is high.

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Section: Criteria For Cw Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Quantitative chemical indicators to assess the gradation of compression wood

Nanayakkara¹,

Manley‐Harris

Suckling³

et al. 2009

HFSG

Self Cite

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“…There was a linear relationship between galactose and Klason lignin content showing three clusters for NW, mild CW, and severe CW ( Figure 5). Changes in CW severity are associated with increased lignin and galactose contents, and decreased glucose content (Nanayakkara et al 2009;Kibblewhite et al 2010). Based on the results in the present paper it is obvious that, T control and T drought produce mild to moderate CW, while T tilting leads to severe CW (Nanayakkara et al 2009;Brennan et al 2012).…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Cw Severitysupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Drought and tilting stresses did not alter the chemical composition of NW beyond the usual between-tree variation (Kibblewhite et al 2010); however, CW chemistry was significantly affected (Table 7). CW in the T control and T drought had lignin and galactose contents of 31-33% and 5-8%, respectively, while in T tilting , lignin and galactose contents were in the range 37-40% and 9-12%, respectively ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Cw Severitymentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of induced drought and tilting on biomass allocation, wood properties, compression wood formation and chemical composition of young Pinus radiata genotypes (clones)

Nanayakkara¹,

Lagane²,

Hodgkiss³

et al. 2013

Holzforschung

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Eight genotypes (clones) of Pinus radiata were subjected to drought and stem inclination to assess genotype response to common stressors. While drought stress reduced diameter growth, height growth and total biomass accumulation, root to shoot (R/S) ratios were unaffected. Drought-stressed plants had significantly lower average acoustic velocity, but longitudinal shrinkage (LS) and density were not different from those of the control plants. Radial diameter growth and R/S ratios were unaffected by tilting. Inclined stems had significantly lower acoustic velocity, and significantly higher LS and density than control stems. Acoustic velocity had a strong negative correlation with LS (r 2 = 0.79). Compression wood (CW) content was much higher in tilted plants, compared to control and drought treatment plants. The CW of tilted trees had different chemistry than that of the CW of drought and control plants. Genotypes differed significantly in the amount of CW formed as a response to tilting, demonstrating that the formation and extent of CW is genetically influenced. Mechanical perturbation in conjunction with acoustic methods for assessing stiffness would be a useful approach for early-age selection of genotypes less prone to form CW.

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“…The neutral sugar composition of hemicelluloses are also different in TW and CW as the latter often yields a large amount of galactose, indicating that the lower cellulose content is accompanied by higher galactose and lignin contents (Timell 1969;Timell 1986;Nanayakkara et al 2009;Kibblewhite et al 2010). In TW, the lsW of a trunk will generally give rise to a relatively larger amount of xylose and thus the lower yield of glucose originating from cellulose is compensated (Timell 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

Nawawi¹,

Syafii

Akiyama³

et al. 2016

Holzforschung

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Gnetum gnemon L. is a unique gymnosperm species showing angiosperm-like features in terms of its morphology and chemical composition of the cell wall. Xylan is the main hemicellulose component, and its lignin is primarily composed of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units and small amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units. In the present study, in addition to branch, root, bark, and leaf samples, the reaction wood (RW) taken from the leaning stem of G. gnemon, was investigated mainly by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, ozonation and NMR spectroscopy. The leaning stem was wider on the lower side of the wood stem (lsW) than on the upper side (usW), similar to the case for compression wood (CW) in gymnosperms. The usW contained lignin with a higher S/G ratio, and β-O-4 structure had a higher erythro/threo ratio, while both ratios decreased around the periphery of the stem towards the lsW. The lignin content was higher towards the lsW. Overall, the lignin composition in the RW of this tree was similar to that in the tension wood of angiosperms. The H-units were minor components in the lignin, but the content was higher towards the lsW, which resembles the distribution of the H-units in a gymnosperm CW.

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Lignin and carbohydrate variation with earlywood, latewood, and compression wood content of bent and straight ramets of a radiata pine clone

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Quantitative chemical indicators to assess the gradation of compression wood

Quantitative chemical indicators to assess the gradation of compression wood

Effects of induced drought and tilting on biomass allocation, wood properties, compression wood formation and chemical composition of young Pinus radiata genotypes (clones)

Characteristics of guaiacyl-syringyl lignin in reaction wood in the gymnosperm Gnetum gnemon L.

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