Lignin and cellulose content differences in roots of different cotton cultivars associated with different levels of Fusarium wilt race 4 (FOV4) resistance-response

Mendu, Lavanya; Ulloa, Mauricio; Payton, Paxton; Monclova-Santana, Cecilia; Chagoya, Jennifer; Mendu, Venugopal

doi:10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100420

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The same root exudation mechanisms could be operating for flavonoid compounds whose synthesis could be heightened by enhanced hydroxycinnamoyltransferase activity (encoded by GbHCT genes) and chalcone synthase activity (encoded by GbCHS genes). Increased lignification of the root of PS6, which we have observed in a previous study ( Mendu et al, 2022 ), could be caused by the enhanced activity of the encoded products of GbCM2 , GbPAL1 , and GbHCT , which results in the secondary cell-wall thickening and provides a physical barrier of defense against the FOV4 threat. Parts of this figure were generated with BioRender .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Phenylpropanoid metabolism is closely linked to lignin deposition in the root; the synthesis of the main lignin subunits, monolignols, starts with the phenyl ammonia lyase reaction and continues with subsequent biochemical reactions that give rise to monolignols, which are then polymerized during secondary cell wall formation ( Fraser and Chapple, 2011 ). It was recently reported that higher levels of lignin are associated with a higher resistance of Pima-S6 to FOV4 ( Mendu et al, 2022 ). The significant enrichment of the phenylpropanoid pathway found in our transcriptomic ( Figures 3B, C ) and metabolomic ( Figure 4D ) analyses supports increased lignification in Pima-S6 as one of the mechanisms underlying FOV4-resistance in this cultivar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Ojeda-Rivera,

Ulloa,

Pérez-Zavala

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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Introduction:Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 4 (FOV4) is a highly pathogenic soil-borne fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and represents a continuing threat to cotton production in the southwest states of the United States, including California, New Mexico, and Texas. Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton, which is highly valued for its fiber quality, has been shown to be more susceptible to this pathogen than Upland (G. hirsutum L.) cotton. Still, some Pima cultivars present resistance to FOV4 infection.Methods: To gain insights into the FOV4-resistance mechanism, we performed comparative transcriptional and metabolomic analyses between FOV4-susceptible and FOV4-resistant Pima cotton entries. FOV4-resistant Pima-S6 and FOV4-susceptible Pima S-7 and Pima 3-79 cotton plants were infected with FOV4 in the greenhouse, and the roots harvested 11 days post-infection for further analysis.Results: We found that an enhanced root phenylpropanoid metabolism in the resistant Pima-S6 cultivar determines FOV4-resistance. Gene-ontology enrichment of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism categories correlated with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in Pima-S6 roots. Specifically, we found esculetin, a coumarin, an inhibitor of Fusarium’s growth, accumulated in the roots of Pima-S6 even under non-infected conditions. Genes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 (PAL2) and pleiotropic drug resistance 12 (PDR12) transporter, were found to be upregulated in Pima-S6 roots.Discussion: Our results highlight an essential role for the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway in FOV4 resistance in Pima-S6 cotton. These genes represent attractive research prospects for FOV4-disease resistance and breeding approaches of other cotton cultivars of economic relevance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Ojeda-Rivera,

Ulloa,

Pérez-Zavala

et al. 2024

Front. Genet.

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“…Phenylpropanoid metabolism is closely linked to lignin deposition in the root; the synthesis of the main lignin subunits, monolignols, starts with the phenyl ammonia lyase reaction and continues with subsequent biochemical reactions that give rise to monolignols which are then polymerized during secondary cell wall formation [15]. It was recently reported that higher levels of lignin are associated with a higher resistance of Pima-S6 to FOV4 [34]. The signi cant enrichment of the phenylpropanoid pathway found in our transcriptomic (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum vasinfectum f. sp. race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Ojeda-Rivera,

Ulloa,

Najera-Gonzalez

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) race 4 (FOV4) is a highly pathogenic soil-borne fungus responsible for Fusarium wilt in cotton (Gossypium spp.) and represents a continuing threat to cotton production in the southwest states of the U.S., including California, New Mexico, and Texas. Even though the Pima (G. barbadense L.) cotton gene pool shows more susceptibility to this pathogen than Upland (G. hirsutum L.) cotton, fortunately, some Pima cultivars present resistance to FOV4 infection, like Pima-S6. To gain insights into the mechanism underlying FOV4 resistance, we performed comparative transcriptional and metabolomic profiling of FOV4-resistant Pima-S6 and FOV4-susceptible Pima S-7 and Pima 3–79 cotton. Results Comparative analysis of transcriptional FOV4 infection responses on these genotypes indicated a differential response between resistant Pima-S6 and susceptible Pima S-7 and 3–79. GO-enriched analysis found clusters related to various biological processes, including transmembrane transport, glycoside hydrolysis, metabolism of small molecules, and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Arabidopsis ortholog genes comparison with categories significantly enriched in Pima-S6 resulted in multiple categories clustered to similar biological processes such as the metabolism of small molecules, regulation of enzymatic activity, diterpenoid biosynthetic processes, and phytohormone signaling-related processes, being phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism highly enriched. These results correlated with the accumulation of secondary metabolites in Pima-S6 roots, specifically esculetin, a coumarin that inhibits the growth of Fusarium. Transcriptomic profiling enabled the identification of candidate genes potentially involved in the resistance mechanism of FOV4-resistance in protecting the Pima-S6 cotton cultivar from this pathogenic fungus. Some genes of this pathway were found to be in chromosome-QTL regions linked with resistance to FOV4. Conclusions Our results highlight an essential role for the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway in FOV4 resistance and create opportunities for gene discovery and SNP development for marker-associated selection (MAS) for breeding for FOV4 resistance.

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“…After fungi degrade cellulose, it is often observed that they do not degrade lignin as efficiently, as the case of OP. This difference in cellulose and lignin degradation is attributed to the complex and resistant characteristics of lignin, as well as the metabolic strategies of fungi (Mendu et al, 2022). Both fungi were able to partially hydrolyze degraded cellulose into simple sugars, which explained the improved digestibility of the organic matter (OP) after their treatment.…”

Section: Cluster and Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Treatment and Wheat Straw Blend for Enhanced Animal Feed from Olive Pulp

Benaddou,

Hajjaj,

Diouri

2023

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Amid fodder shortages and environmental concerns in Morocco, this study explores a transformative livestock feed strategy. By combining olive pulp (OP) and wheat straw (WS) treated with Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Fusarium oxysporum, we enhance digestibility and sustainability. Five mixing ratios were examined: 100% OP (OP), 75% OP and 25% WS (MOP), 50% OP and 50% WS (OPWS), 25% OP and 75% WS (MWS), and 100% WS (WS). Fungal treatment and ratios influence cellulose-lignin dynamics. MOP increased cellulose (13.1), OP showed an initial decrease (-8.51, -5.88 for P. chrysosporium, F. oxysporum), with cellulose rising from 4 to 8 weeks, then declining. Lignin degradation differed (P < 0.001), P. chrysosporium was efficient (24.22%±13.75 to 31.57% ± 20.65), MWS remarkable, and OPWS stable. Mixed substrates showed higher IVTD_imp (58.56% ± 16%, 54.18% ± 20%, 36.83% ± 18%), OP and WS lower (26.25% ± 11%, 14.43% ± 7.48%). Enhanced IVTD (4-12 weeks) seen, OPWS and MOP excelling, WS lower. In conclusion, this study unveils the potential of fungaltreated feed optimization through substrate composition and tailored treatment durations. By leveraging synergistic effects and optimizing treatment timelines, we enhance livestock feed sustainability while addressing waste management concerns. This comprehensive approach holds promise for achieving both nutritional and environmental goals in livestock production.

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Lignin and cellulose content differences in roots of different cotton cultivars associated with different levels of Fusarium wilt race 4 (FOV4) resistance-response

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Enhanced phenylpropanoid metabolism underlies resistance to Fusarium oxysporum vasinfectum f. sp. race 4 infection in the cotton cultivar Pima-S6 (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Fungal Treatment and Wheat Straw Blend for Enhanced Animal Feed from Olive Pulp

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