Lignin biochemistry of normal and brown midrib mutant sorghum

Bucholtz, Dennis L.; Cantrell, Ronald P.; Axtell, John D.; Lechtenberg, V. L.

doi:10.1021/jf60232a045

Cited by 82 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Bucholtz et al (1980) reported that the bmr-6 mutant has reduced CAD activity, suggesting that its phenotype is probably due to a deficiency in this enzyme. Given the similarity of the lignin phenotypes observed in bmr-6 sorghum and bm1 maize, it seemed likely that CAD deficiency of activity was also the cause of the bm1 phenotype.…”

Section: Analysis Of Mutants With Improved Forage Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of biomass through lignin modification

Li¹,

Weng²,

Chapple³

2008

The Plant Journal

368

304

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SummaryLignin, a major component of the cell wall of vascular plants, has long been recognized for its negative impact on forage quality, paper manufacturing, and, more recently, cellulosic biofuel production. Over the last two decades, genetic and biochemical analyses of brown midrib mutants of maize, sorghum and related grasses have advanced our understanding of the relationship between lignification and forage digestibility. This work has also inspired genetic engineering efforts aimed at generating crops with altered lignin, with the expectation that these strategies would enhance forage digestibility and/or pulping efficiency. The knowledge gained from these bioengineering efforts has greatly improved our understanding of the optimal lignin characteristics required for various applications of lignocellulosic materials while also contributing to our understanding of the lignin biosynthetic pathway. The recent upswing of interest in cellulosic biofuel production has become the new focus of lignin engineering. Populus trichocarpa and Brachypodium distachyon are emerging as model systems for energy crops. Lignin research on these systems, as well as on a variety of proposed energy crop species, is expected to shed new light on lignin biosynthesis and its regulation in energy crops, and lead to rational genetic engineering approaches to modify lignin for improved biofuel production.

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Section: Analysis Of Mutants With Improved Forage Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of biomass through lignin modification

Li¹,

Weng²,

Chapple³

2008

The Plant Journal

368

304

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Biochemical evidence suggests that other brown-midrib plants may also be deficient in lignin biosynthetic enzymes. Our own unpublished work shows that OMT activity is reduced in sorghum bmr12 and bmr18 while both OMT and CAD activities are reduced in sorghum bmr6 (Bucholtz et al, 1980;Pillonel et al, 1991). The genes affected by other bm mutations are currently unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Brown‐midrib maize (bm1) – a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene

et al. 1998

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SummaryBrown-midrib (bm) mutants of maize have modified lignin of reddish-brown colour. Although four independent bm loci are known, only one of the mutant genes has been previously identified. We report here that maize bm1, one of the less characterised mutants, shows severely reduced CAD activity in lignified tissues, resulting in the production of a modified lignin. Both the total lignin content and the structure of the polymer are altered by the mutation. We further describe the isolation and characterisation of the maize CAD cDNA and mapping of the CAD gene. CAD maps very closely to the known location of bm1 and co-segregates with the bm1 locus in two independent recombinant inbred populations. These data strongly support the premise that maize bm1 directly affects expression of the CAD gene.

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“…Brown midrib (bmr) forage genotypes usually contain less lignin and may have altered lignin chemical composition (Bucholtz et al, 1980;Cherney et al, 1991;Vogel and Jung, 2001). To- date, genetic control of the lignification process through manipulation of the bmr trait has offered the most direct and productive approach to reducing lignin content and increasing digestibility of forage sorghums (Gerhardt et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Brown Midrib-6 and -18 Forage Sorghum with Conventional Sorghum and Corn Silage in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows

Oliver

Grant

Pedersen

et al. 2004

Journal of Dairy Science

128

143

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Total mixed rations containing conventional forage sorghum, brown midrib (bmr)-6 forage sorghum, bmr-18 forage sorghum, or corn silage were fed to Holstein dairy cows to determine the effect on lactation, ruminal fermentation, and total tract nutrient digestion. Sixteen multiparous cows (4 ruminally fistulated; 124 d in milk) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets in a replicated Latin square design with 4-wk periods (21-d adaptation and 7 d of collection). Diets consisted of 40% test silage, 10% alfalfa silage, and 50% concentrate mix (dry basis). Acid detergent lignin concentration was reduced by 21 and 13%, respectively, for the bmr-6 and bmr-18 sorghum silages when compared with the conventional sorghum. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet. Production of 4% fat-corrected milk was greatest for cows fed bmr-6 (33.7 kg/d) and corn silage (33.3 kg/d), was least for cows fed the conventional sorghum (29.1 kg/d), and was intermediate for cows fed the bmr-18 sorghum (31.2 kg/ d), which did not differ from any other diet. Total tract neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was greatest for the bmr-6 sorghum (54.4%) and corn silage (54.1%) diets and was lower for the conventional (40.8%) and bmr-18 sorghum (47.9%) diets. In situ extent of NDF digestion was greatest for the bmr-6 sorghum (76.4%) and corn silage (79.0%) diets, least for the conventional sorghum diet (70.4%), and intermediate for the bmr-18 sorghum silage diet (73.1%), which was not different from the other diets. Results of this study indicate that the bmr-6 sorghum hybrid outperformed the conventional sorghum hybrid; the bmr-18 sorghum was intermediate between conventional and bmr-6 in most cases. Additionally, the bmr-6 hybrid resulted in lactational

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Lignin biochemistry of normal and brown midrib mutant sorghum

Cited by 82 publications

References 7 publications

Improvement of biomass through lignin modification

Improvement of biomass through lignin modification

Brown‐midrib maize (bm1) – a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene

Comparison of Brown Midrib-6 and -18 Forage Sorghum with Conventional Sorghum and Corn Silage in Diets of Lactating Dairy Cows

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