Lignin biosynthesis and its molecular regulation*

Lin, Zhanbing; Ma, Qing‐Hu; Xu, Yang

doi:10.1080/10020070312331343610

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Coniferyl alcohol distribution correlates with its corresponding gene expression profiles [indicated in the box of Figure (b)]. The typical monolignol biosynthesis pathway was mapped out in the seed coat (Figure S4) (Lin et al ., ). According to the Unigene expression profile, coniferyl alcohol is synthesized though the p ‐coumaroyl‐CoA and caffeoyl‐CoA pathways, and catalyzed by a series of enzymes, namely phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL), trans‐cinnamate 4‐monooxygenase (C4H), coumaroyl quinate 3′‐monooxygenase (C3′H), shikimate O ‐hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase (CCR), caffeoyl‐CoA O ‐methyltransferase (COMT), and cinnamyl‐alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) (Boerjan et al ., ; Vanholme et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn]

Gao

et al. 2017

The Plant Journal

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Silymarin is a collection of compounds extracted from the medicinal herb milk thistle, among which silybin is the major flavonolignan. However, the biosynthesis pathway of silybin remains unclear. In this study, biomimetic reactions demonstrated that silybin can be synthesized from coniferyl alcohol and taxifolin by the action of peroxidase. The concentration profiles of silybin and its precursors and RNA-Seq analysis of gene expression revealed that the amount of taxifolin and the activity of peroxidase serve as the limiting factors in silybin biosynthesis. Hierarchical clustering of the expression profile of genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway distinguished flowers from other organs. RNA-Seq revealed five candidates for the peroxidase involved in silybin production, among which APX1 (ascorbate peroxidase 1) showed a distinct peroxidase activity and the capacity to synthesize silybin. The spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle was elucidated, which could help our understanding of the biosynthesis of silybin and other flavonolignans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn]

Gao

et al. 2017

The Plant Journal

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“…Secondary cell wall thickening and lignin accumulation presents in the inner seed coat at the later stage of fruit development, leading to the formation of seed hardness [ 4 ]. In plants, the staple biosynthetic pathway of lignin is well understood: at the first step, monolignols including p -coumaryl alcohol (H-type monolignol), coniferyl alcohol (G-type monolignol), and sinapyl alcohol (S-type monolignol), are produced by phenylpropanoid pathways within the plant cell; at the second step, the monolignols are transported across the plasma membrane to the cell wall; and at the last step, the monolignols are polymerized to form lignin under the action of peroxidase and laccase [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. To date, many genes encoding key enzymes and transcription factors that are involved in the biosynthesis and polymerization of monolignols have been characterized [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the ABC Transporter G Subfamily in Pomegranate and Function Analysis of PgrABCG14

Qin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) proteins play important roles in plant growth and development by transporting metabolites across cell membranes. To date, the genetic characteristics and potential functions of pomegranate ABCG proteins (PgrABCGs) have remained largely unknown. In this study, we found that 47 PgrABCGs were divided into five groups according to a phylogenetic analysis; groups I, II, III, and IV members are half-size proteins, and group V members are full-size proteins. PgrABCG14, PgrABCG21, and PgrABCG47 were highly expressed in the inner seed coat but had very low expression levels in the outer seed coat, and the expression levels of these three PgrABCG genes in the inner seed coats of hard-seeded pomegranate ‘Dabenzi’ were higher than those of soft-seeded pomegranate ‘Tunisia’. In addition, the expression of these three PgrABCG genes was highly correlated with the expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and hormone signaling pathways. The evolution of PgrABCG14 presents a highly similar trend to the origin and evolution of lignin biosynthesis during land plant evolution. Ectopic expression of PgrABCG14 in Arabidopsis promoted plant growth and lignin accumulation compared to wild type plants; meanwhile, the expression levels of lignin biosynthesis-related genes (CAD5, C4H, and Prx71) and cytokinin response marker genes (ARR5 and ARR15) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants, which suggests the potential role of PgrABCG14 in promoting plant growth and lignin accumulation. Taken together, these findings not only provide insight into the characteristics and evolution of PgrABCGs, but also shed a light on the potential functions of PgrABCGs in seed hardness development.

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“…Lignin is a complex polymer found in the secondary cell walls of plants and is critical for cell wall formation; it creates a non‐degradable barrier to pathogens, thus, enhancing the protection of plants against biological stress (Bonawitz & Chapple, 2010; Collinge, 2009; Moura et al, 2010). Phenylpropanoid metabolic pathways initiate the biosynthesis of lignin (Lin et al, 2003; Zhao et al, 2004; Wei & Song, 2001). There are many related enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, including PAL, POD, and PPO, that are important to the synthesis of lignin (Aloni et al, 1990; Zhang & Wang, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping alleviated the phytotoxic effects of cinnamic acid on the root cell wall structural resistance of faba bean and reduced the occurrence of Fusarium wilt

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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Soilborne Fusarium wilt is a key factor restricting the cultivation of faba bean. Intercropping faba bean and wheat effectively alleviate faba bean Fusarium wilt. This study analyzed the mechanism by which cinnamic acid promotes Fusarium wilt and the mechanism that enables intercropping alleviated Fusarium wilt. Faba beans were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF), while the controls were not inoculated. Different concentrations of cinnamic acid were added to the inoculated plants to study the occurrence of Fusarium wilt, seedling growth, the activities of cell wall degradation enzyme (CWDESs) produced by FOF in the root, defense enzymes, total phenolics and lignin, levels of expression of the pathogenesis‐related genes (PRs) PR1, PR2, and PR10, and changes in the submicroscopic cell wall structure of the roots under monocropping and intercropping systems. Cinnamic acid increased the activities of CWDEs produced by FOF in the roots, increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase and the contents of total phenolics and lignin, and upregulated the levels of expression of PRs in the root, but it decreased the activity of peroxidase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations identified severe damage and disruption of the root cell walls, and numerous FOF mycelia entered the cytoplasm from the cell wall. The combination of these factors increased the occurrence of Fusarium wilt. The activities of CWDEs produced by FOF in the roots decreased by intercropping wheat with faba bean, which increased the resistance of the root cell walls to infection and decreased the Fusarium wilt.

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Lignin biosynthesis and its molecular regulation*

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn]

Spatial organization of silybin biosynthesis in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn]

Characterization of the ABC Transporter G Subfamily in Pomegranate and Function Analysis of PgrABCG14

Intercropping alleviated the phytotoxic effects of cinnamic acid on the root cell wall structural resistance of faba bean and reduced the occurrence of Fusarium wilt

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