Lignin Biosynthesis in Poplar: Genetic Engineering and Effects on Kraft Pulping

Boerjan, Wout; Meyermans, Hugo; Chen, Cuiying; Baucher, Marie; Doorsselaere, Jan Van; Morreel, Kris; Messens, Eric; Lapierre, Catherine; Pollet, Brigitte; Jouanin, Lise; Leplé, Jean‐Charles; Ralph, John; Marita, Jane M.; Guiney, Emma; Schuch, Wolfgang; Petit‐Conil, Michel; Pilate, Gilles

doi:10.1016/s0921-0423(01)80072-1

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently there has been considerable interest in genetic modification of lignins with the goal of improving the utilization of lignocellulosics in various agricultural and industrial processes (Baucher et al, 2003;Boerjan et al, 2003aBoerjan et al, , 2003b. Studies on mutant and transgenic plants with altered monolignol biosynthesis have suggested that plants have a high level of metabolic plasticity in the formation of their lignins (Sederoff et al, 1999;Ralph et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sequencing around 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol-Derived Units in Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase-Deficient Poplar Lignins

Marita

Lapierre

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

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Caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a bifunctional enzyme that methylates the 5-and 3-hydroxyl positions on the aromatic ring of monolignol precursors, with a preference for 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, on the way to producing sinapyl alcohol. Lignins in COMT-deficient plants contain benzodioxane substructures due to the incorporation of 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol (5-OH-CA), as a monomer, into the lignin polymer. The derivatization followed by reductive cleavage method can be used to detect and determine benzodioxane structures because of their total survival under this degradation method. Moreover, partial sequencing information for 5-OH-CA incorporation into lignin can be derived from detection or isolation and structural analysis of the resulting benzodioxane products. Results from a modified derivatization followed by reductive cleavage analysis of COMT-deficient lignins provide evidence that 5-OH-CA cross couples (at its b-position) with syringyl and guaiacyl units (at their O-4-positions) in the growing lignin polymer and then either coniferyl or sinapyl alcohol, or another 5-hydroxyconiferyl monomer, adds to the resulting 5-hydroxyguaiacyl terminus, producing the benzodioxane. This new terminus may also become etherified by coupling with further monolignols, incorporating the 5-OH-CA integrally into the lignin structure.

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confidence: 99%

Sequencing around 5-Hydroxyconiferyl Alcohol-Derived Units in Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase-Deficient Poplar Lignins

Marita

Lapierre

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

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“…Chemically, lignins are synthesised via oxidative coupling between monomers of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols and other related molecules [6,10,147]. As illustrated in Figure 6, lignin is derived from three predominant p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, the monolignols: p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols.…”

Section: Lignin Biosynthesis and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is presumed [148] that all the enzymes required for monolignols biosynthesis are known, namely: phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H), caffeoyl-CoA 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) and caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). According to Vanholme et al [5], the main biosynthetic route towards the monolignols p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol, adapted from Boerjan et al [6,10] is presented in Figure 7.…”

Section: Lignin Biosynthesis and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current up-to-date hypothesis suggests the exportation of free monolignols into the apoplast via plasma Figure 7. The main biosynthetic route towards the monolignols p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohol [6,10]. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyse; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase; C3H, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase; HCT, p-hydroxycinnamoyl-CaA: Quinate/Shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyl transferase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid Omethyltransferease; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Lignin Biosynthesis and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignins [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], in particular, and in general lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) [11][12][13][14][15][16] and biomass [17][18][19][20], respectively, have historically been utilised since time memorial, but a new conversation is emerging on the role of these materials in modern bioeconomies [21][22][23][24][25]. Due to the nature of the molecule(s) as a novel commodity for many interesting natural and manufactured products [26][27][28][29], a modern bioeconomy [30][31][32][33] is not simply a rerun of former ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilisation of Lignins in the Bioeconomy: Projections on Ionic Liquids and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Separation and Recovery of Base Metals and Gold

Ndibewu¹,

Tchieta²

2018

Lignin - Trends and Applications

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A brief review has been herein done of technologies involved in the exploitation of lignin, in order to provide an introduction to the subject from the perspective of a fast technologically advancing economy. Lignocellulosic materials and biomass have historically been utilised from since time memorial, but a new conversation is emerging on the role of these materials in modern bioeconomies. This new discourse needs to help us understand how technologies for managing and processing lignocellulosic materials both as biosynthetic moieties, biogenic wastes or simply renewable biopolymer-both established and novel-should be deployed and integrated (or not) to meet developmental requirements of the sustainability paradigm. The world is caught in the middle of green technology advocating for more and more focus on renewable sources of manufacturing raw materials and that of the molecularly imprinted/synthesised or genetically engineered ones. The utilisation of lignins (from renewable sources) in both the industry as the base for the formulation of ionic liquids (with yet a wider industrial applications), and also is a potential scaffold material for functionally modified imprinted polymers (LCIPS) for the selective recovery of base metals and gold, respectively, evidently incorporates the bioeconomy aspirations.

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