Lignin: Chemical structure, biodegradation, and practical application (a review)

Feofilova, E. P.; Mysyakina, I. S.

doi:10.1134/s0003683816060053

Cited by 90 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Lignin is the most abundant renewable aromatic polymer on Earth, present in nearly all higher plants, which behooves the development of effective methods to extract it [ 16 ]. Its reactivity is primarily characterized by a large number of phenolic hydroxyls [ 17 ]. Previous studies have shown that DESs formed by choline chloride and phenol were conducive to the separation of phenolic compounds [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for the Isolation of Willow Lignin (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu)

Lyu

Liu

et al. 2017

IJMS

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a potentially high-value lignin extraction methodology. DESs prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) and three hydrogen-bond donors (HBD)—lactic acid (Lac), glycerol, and urea—were evaluated for isolation of willow (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu) lignin. DESs types, mole ratio of ChCl to HBD, extraction temperature, and time on the fractionated DES-lignin yield demonstrated that the optimal DES-lignin yield (91.8 wt % based on the initial lignin in willow) with high purity of 94.5% can be reached at a ChCl-to-Lac molar ratio of 1:10, extraction temperature of 120 °C, and time of 12 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) , 13C-NMR, and 31P-NMR showed that willow lignin extracted by ChCl-Lac was mainly composed of syringyl and guaiacyl units. Serendipitously, a majority of the glucan in willow was preserved after ChCl-Lac treatment.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for the Isolation of Willow Lignin (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu)

Lyu

Liu

et al. 2017

IJMS

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These basic monomers constitute the basic structural unit of lignocellulose: syringyl phenylpropane (S), guaiacyl phenylpropane (G), and p-hydroxyphenylpropane (H) [20] . Lignin is challenging to biodegrade under anaerobic conditions [21,22] . Indeed, in straw, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin form structures that are di cult to biodegrade [8,9] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas and volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion of straw, cellulose, and hemicellulose with analysis of microbial communities and functions

Liu

Zuo

Peng

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for straw treatment, but the complex composition and structure of straw limit AD efficiency and methane production. The main biodegradable components of straw are cellulose and hemicellulose. Because of the different chemical structures and physicochemical properties, the performance of AD of cellulose and hemicellulose is different, thus it’s also different from that of straw. Research on the similarities and differences of AD of straw, cellulose and hemicellulose is helpful to clarify the law of anaerobic digestion of straw and provide theoretical basis for further improving the efficiency of anaerobic digestion. However, there are very few studies on AD using cellulose and hemicellulose as raw materials. Results Rice straw (RS), cellulose, and hemicellulose were used as raw materials to study biogas production performance and changes in the volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Further, microbial communities and genetic functions were analyzed separately for each material. The biogas production potential of RS, cellulose, and hemicellulose was different, with cumulative biogas production of 620.64, 412.50, and 283.75 mL/g·VS− 1, respectively. The methane content of the biogas produced from cellulose and hemicellulose was approximately 10% higher than that produced from RS after the methane content stabilized. Biogas production and the methane content of RS stabilized more quickly than that of cellulose and hemicellulose. The accumulation of VFAs occurred in the early stage of anaerobic digestion in all the three materials, and the main volatile fatty acid component of RS was acetic acid, whereas that of cellulose and hemicellulose was propionic acid. The cumulative amount of VFAs in both cellulose and hemicellulose was relatively higher than that in RS, and the accumulation time was 12 and 14 days longer, respectively. When anaerobic digestion progressed to a stable stage, Clostridium was the dominant bacterial genus in all three AD systems, and the abundance of Ruminofilibacter was higher during anaerobic digestion of RS. Genetically, AD of all the three materials proceeded mainly via aceticlastic methanogenesis, with similar functional components. Conclusion The biogas and VFAs production during AD of RS, cellulose, and hemicellulose showed marked differences. But when the AD progressed to the stable stage, there was no significant difference in microbial community and genetic function. Specifically, the biogas production potential of cellulose and hemicellulose was greater than that of RS. The accumulation of VFAs in the three AD systems occurred in the early stages. The main component of VFA that accumulated in RS was acetic acid, while the major component of VFAs accumulated in cellulose and hemicellulose digestions was propionic acid. At the stable stage, Clostridium was the dominant bacterial genus in all three AD systems. The AD of all the three materials proceeded mainly via aceticlastic methanogenesis, with similar components of gene functions.

show abstract

“…Lignin of different plant sources can considerably differ in the ratio of these phenyl propene subunits (Table 1). In particular, major components of softwood lignin are G units with trace F I G U R E 1 Three-dimensional structure of lignin T A B L E 1 Distribution of phenyl propene subunits of lignin found in various plants (wt%) [12][13][14] Phenyl propene subunits…”

Section: Bonding Structure Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin differs from other natural biopolymers (eg, cellulose, chitosan) by its chemical characteristics and the presence of aromatic heterogeneous structure coupled with the lack of stereoregularity compared to glucose units. [14] Lignin has many unique properties, such as resistance to decay and biological attacks, UV absorbance, high stiffness, and antioxidation. Traditionally, lignosulphonates have been the only type of lignin extensively used as dispersants in colloidal suspensions, and/or as binders for drilling.…”

Section: Uniqueness Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin for polymer and nanoparticle production: Current status and challenges

Gao

Fatehi

2019

Can J Chem Eng

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In pulp production processes, lignin is generated in large quantities as a by‐product. It is often burned to generate heat and electricity. Despite the large‐scale production of lignin, its utilization in high‐value applications has remained a challenge. Recently, the production of lignin nanoparticles (LNP) and lignin polymers has gathered attention. The potential to use LNPs as reinforcement filler, UV absorbent, antioxidant, and drug carrier has been reported, while lignin polymers might be suitable for the production of composites, hydrogels, flocculants, and coagulants. This review paper provides insights into the production and application of LNP and lignin polymers. In addition, the challenges associated with the characterization and use of these products are comprehensively reviewed.

show abstract

Lignin: Chemical structure, biodegradation, and practical application (a review)

Cited by 90 publications

References 34 publications

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for the Isolation of Willow Lignin (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu)

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for the Isolation of Willow Lignin (Salix matsudana cv. Zhuliu)

Biogas and volatile fatty acid production during anaerobic digestion of straw, cellulose, and hemicellulose with analysis of microbial communities and functions

Lignin for polymer and nanoparticle production: Current status and challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About