Lignin fractionation from laboratory to commercialization: chemistry, scalability and techno-economic analysis

Jiang, Xiao; Assis, Camilla Abbati de; Kollman, Matthew; Sun, Runkun; Jameel, Hasan; Chang, Hou‐min; Gonzalez, Ronalds

doi:10.1039/d0gc02960b

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Even though these methods have been proposed, there are still some issues. For example, the structures of lignin can be severely degraded during alkaline extraction process (alkaline lignin and organic solvent lignin) and condensed during acid hydrolysis process (Klason lignin) ( Yuan et al, 2010 ; Sun et al, 2013 ; Jiang et al, 2020 ). For cellulolytic enzyme lignin, a lot of enzymes should be used to degrade the carbohydrate that linked to lignin, and the obtained lignin sample still possesses a high amount of carbohydrate ( Guerra et al, 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Isolation of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Different Biomass

Yang

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Ball milling technology is the classical technology to isolate representative lignin in the cell wall of biomass for further investigation. In this work, different ball milling times were carried out on hardwood (poplar sawdust), softwood (larch sawdust), and gramineous material (bamboo residues) to understand the optimum condition to isolate the representative milled wood lignin (MWL) in these different biomass species. Results showed that prolonging ball milling time from 3 to 7 h obviously increased the isolation yields of MWL in bamboo residues (from 39.2% to 53.9%) and poplar sawdust (from 15.5% to 35.6%), while only a slight increase was found for the MWL yield of larch sawdust (from 23.4% to 25.8%). Importantly, the lignin substructure of ß-O-4 in the MWL samples from different biomasses can be a little degraded with the increasing ball milling time, resulting in the prepared MWL with lower molecular weight and higher content of hydroxyl groups. Based on the isolation yield and structure features, milling time with 3 and 7 h were sufficient to isolate the representative lignin (with yield over 30%) in the cell wall of bamboo residues and poplar sawdust, respectively, while more than 7 h should be carried out to isolate the representative lignin in larch sawdust.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Isolation of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Different Biomass

Yang

2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…In general, the obtained profiles of functional heterogeneity are in line with the literature. 14 , 15 , 18 , 22 − 25 , 48 − 50 Aliphatic hydroxy groups, especially in α-position, play a crucial role in the degradation mechanisms upon both kraft and sulfite pulping; hence, their content is prone to depletion depending on process intensity. 51 , 52 In contrast, lignin fragmentation leads to an increase in the aromatic hydroxy group content due to cleavage of aryl ether bonds (i.e., β-O-4, α-O-4, and 5-O-4 bonds).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Profiling of the Functional Heterogeneity of Technical Lignins

et al. 2022

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In technical lignins, functionality is strongly related to molar mass. Hence, any technical lignin exhibits concurrent functionality-type distribution (FTD) along its molar mass distribution (MMD). This study combined preparative size-exclusion chromatography with offline characterizations to acquire highly resolved profiles of the functional heterogeneity of technical lignins, which represent crucial information for their material use. The shape of these profiles showed considerable dissimilarity between different technical lignins and followed sigmoid trends. Determining the dispersity in functionality ( Đ F ) of lignins via their FTD revealed a rather homogeneous distribution of their functionalities ( Đ F of 1.00–1.21). The high resolution of the acquired profiles of functional heterogeneity facilitated the development of a robust calculation method for the estimation of functional group contents of lignin fractions based simply on their MMD, an invaluable tool to simulate the effects of intended purification processes. Moreover, a more thorough evaluation of separations based on functionality becomes accessible.

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“…This occurrence could lead to capital investment in new manufacturing plants directed toward biobased surfactants as an alternative to alcohol ethoxylates (Athaley et al, 2019; Hayes et al, 2019). Such an approach would require further techno‐economic analysis to determine its feasibility at an industrial scale (Calicioglu et al, 2021; Jiang et al, 2020; B. Kumar & Verma, 2020; Nieder‐Heitmann et al, 2019b). Recently ethoxylated surfactants obtained from bioethanol‐derived ethylene oxide have been claimed as wholly biobased and with <1 ppm 1,4‐dioxane (Jaynes et al, 2021); nevertheless, the manufacturing cost remains an issue.…”

Section: New Dioxane Regulations As An Opportunity For Biobased Surfa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis

Ortiz

Alvarado

Zambrano³

et al. 2022

J Surfact & Detergents

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This work reviews the use of carbohydrates and their derivatives as renewable raw materials in the production of surfactants. Methods to attain state‐of‐the‐art carbohydrate‐derived surfactants are described. This includes surfactants widely used nowadays and others that have not yet transcended beyond the academic field. Given the abundance of hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates and the considerable quantity of different surfactant structures that can be generated during their synthesis, selectively obtaining a target product represents a challenge. Therefore, this work focuses on the platform chemicals available to synthesize biobased surfactants. The first part of the review comprises a brief introduction of simple and complex carbohydrates to better understand their chemistry. Then, a description of the processes to obtain biobased building blocks derived from carbohydrates according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL, USA), and their usefulness in synthesizing surfactants is presented. This provides an organized inventory of the knowledge around the synthesis–production of surfactants from carbohydrate derivatives, emphasizing raw materials that could be inserted into the circular bioeconomy concept. Finally, the current industry trends and the potential role of biobased surfactants around new dioxane regulations are discussed.

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Lignin fractionation from laboratory to commercialization: chemistry, scalability and techno-economic analysis

Abstract: Fractionation represents a promising methodology to refine technical lignin and facilitate lignin valorization. Many lignin fractionation processes have been developed on a laboratory scale, but none have been implemented on...

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

The Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Isolation of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Different Biomass

The Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Isolation of Lignin in the Cell Wall of Different Biomass

High-Resolution Profiling of the Functional Heterogeneity of Technical Lignins

Surfactants produced from carbohydrate derivatives: A review of the biobased building blocks used in their synthesis

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