Lignin from <i>Eucalyptus</i> spp. Kraft Black Liquor as Biofuel

Dieste, Andrés; Clavijo, Leonardo; Torres, Ana I.; Barbe, Stéphan; Oyarbide, Ignacio; Bruno, Leonardo; Cassella, Francisco

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02086

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wood leaves were collected from streets and gardens in the Bergisches Land (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), washed, dried to a moisture content of 30% (wb), and stored in plastic containers. Eucalyptus kraft lignin was obtained by acid precipitation with CO 2 from Eucaliptus kraft black liquor, kindly provided by the UPM-Fray Bentos pulp mill (Fray Bentos, Uruguay) [27]. Then, a washing stage with mineral acid (pH 2) was performed to remove inorganic impurities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin as an Additive Strongly Enhances the Mechanical Resistance of Tree-Leaf Pellets

et al. 2020

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Pelleted biomass has a low, uniform moisture content and can be handled and stored cheaply and safely. Pellets can be made of industrial waste, food waste, agricultural residues, energy crops, and virgin lumber. Despite their many desirable attributes, they cannot compete with fossil fuel sources because the process of densifying the biomass and the price of the raw materials make pellet production costly. Leaves collected from street sweeping are generally discarded in landfills, but they can potentially be valorized as a biofuel if they are pelleted. However, the lignin content in leaves is not high enough to ensure the physical stability of the pellets, so they break easily during storage and transportation. In this study, the use of eucalyptus kraft lignin as an additive in tree-leaf pellet production was studied. Results showed that when 2% lignin is added the abrasion resistance can be increased to an acceptable value. Pellets with added lignin fulfilled all requirements of European standards for certification except for ash content. However, as the raw material has no cost, this method can add value or contribute to financing continued sweeping and is an example of a circular economy scenario.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin as an Additive Strongly Enhances the Mechanical Resistance of Tree-Leaf Pellets

et al. 2020

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“…It was included to have a baseline for one of the primary uses of woody mass. It should be pointed out that Uruguay does not have fossil fuels, and air-dried wood, at 5 USD/GJ, is the cheapest fuel available for thermic energy (Dieste et al 2016) (Table 3). Table 3: Wood products: production, fibre requirements, format, energy input and forestry land requirements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of wood products from an added value perspective: The Uruguayan forestry case

Dieste

Cabrera

Clavijo

et al. 2019

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Uruguay has a forest resource of 1 million ha plantation of fast-growing eucalyptus and pine. Short-fiber pulp is the country second export product in value, but there is also a significant production of plywood and graded kiln-dried timber from both species, used mainly for appearance applications. However, the value chain of the wood industry is not yet fully developed, particularly for pine. This study classified different existing and potential wood products using added value as criteria, calculated at the industry level by adopting a system of inputs and outputs. Hypothetical plants to manufacture these products were technical and economically analyzed: thermally modified timber, cross laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, pine timber, bleached Eucalyptus kraft pulp, pine bleached chemical thermo-mechanical, medium density fiberboards, oriented strand board and a power plant fueled with forest biomass. The data used for this study was obtained from the final project of undergraduate engineer students of the Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, except for the eucalyptus pulp mill, which was proposed by the authors. The results showed that wood products obtained from logs that are the main objective of the plantation presented a higher added value than those manufactured from forest residues, thinnings or chips from the sawmilling industry. Solid wood products for appearance or structural applications are at the top of added value list, considering value added per product, unit of biomass or unit of forest land per year.The integration of the value chain of the products analyzed, linking solid wood products with panels or pulp, has the potential to boost the addition of value of the forest biomass in Uruguay.

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“…Lignin shows great promise as an upcoming raw material for renewable fuels and chemicals, such as dispersants, binders, and emulsifiers [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Lignin is available through kraft black liquor (KBL), a process stream within the kraft pulping process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Molecular-Weight Lignin Recovery with Nanofiltration in the Kraft Pulping Process

et al. 2022

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Kraft lignin is an underutilized resource from the pulp and paper industry with the potential of being a key raw material for renewable fuels and chemicals. The separation of high-molecular-weight lignin from black liquor by ultrafiltration has been widely investigated, while the permeate containing low-molecular-weight lignin has received little attention. Nanofiltration can concentrate the low-molecular-weight lignin. This work, therefore, evaluates nanofiltration for the separation and concentration of low-molecular-weight lignin from the ultrafiltration permeate. For this study, eight flat polymeric sheet membranes and one polymeric hollow fiber membrane, with molecular weight cut-offs ranging from 100 to 2000 Da, were tested. A parametric study was conducted at 50 °C, 2.5–35 bar, and crossflow velocity of 0.3–0.5 m/s. At a transmembrane pressure of 35 bar, the best performing membranes were NF090801, with 90% lignin retention and 37 L/m2·h, and SelRO MPF-36, with 84% lignin retention and 72 L/m2·h. The other membranes showed either very high lignin retention with a very low flux or a high flux with retention lower than 80%. Concentration studies were performed with the two selected membranes at conditions (A) 50 °C and 35 bar and (B) 70 °C and 15 bar. The NF090801 membrane had the highest flux and lignin retention during the concentration studies. Overall, it was shown that the nanofiltration process is able to produce a concentrated lignin fraction, which can be either used to produce valuable chemicals or used to make lignin oil.

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Lignin from Eucalyptus spp. Kraft Black Liquor as Biofuel

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin as an Additive Strongly Enhances the Mechanical Resistance of Tree-Leaf Pellets

Eucalyptus Kraft Lignin as an Additive Strongly Enhances the Mechanical Resistance of Tree-Leaf Pellets

Analysis of wood products from an added value perspective: The Uruguayan forestry case

Low-Molecular-Weight Lignin Recovery with Nanofiltration in the Kraft Pulping Process

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