Lignin isolation from black liquor from oil palm empty fruit bunch using acid

Hidayati, Sri; Satyajaya, Wisnu; Fudholi, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.08.023

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The results of EDX analysis to investigate the elemental composition of both ULNP and PLNP are presented in Figure 3. According to the results, there were traces of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, aluminum, and calcium in ULNP that possibly come from the original constituents of the lignin in the EFB black liquor 34 . The LNPs mainly comprised carbon and oxygen atoms at different proportions, while the presence of trace elements such as sulfur, sodium, phosphorus, silicon, potassium, chlorine, aluminum, and calcium atoms in ULNP were completely removed, as identified in the PLNP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…According to the results, there were traces of elements such as phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, aluminum, and calcium in ULNP that possibly come from the original constituents of the lignin in the EFB black liquor. 34 The LNPs mainly comprised carbon and oxygen atoms at different proportions, while the presence of trace elements such as sulfur, sodium, phosphorus, silicon, potassium, chlorine, aluminum, and calcium atoms in ULNP were completely removed, as identified in the PLNP. The difference in the proportion of carbon and oxygen between the two LNPs is attributed to the purification method which removed impurities on the lignin.…”

Section: Elemental Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of purified lignin nanoparticles reinforced marine‐derived biopolymer composites

Alfatah,

Surya,

H.P.S.

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Lignin has been considered the main aromatic renewable biopolymer. Besides its availability in large quantities as a major and low‐cost side product of several industries as a polysaccharide component of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial applications, it remains underutilized and as such, lignin valorization is highly desirable. This study was focused on the fabrication, purification, and characterization of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from black liquor of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunch (EFB). The functional properties of the LNPs investigated include the morphology, particle size, zeta potential distribution, elemental composition, functional groups, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The purified LNPs provided smaller particle sizes ranging from 32 to 62 nm while the unpurified sample sizes range between 53 and 88 nm. The zeta potential value of purified LNPs displays relatively good stability to the unpurified LNPs despite the consistency in their particle size spreading as observed from the TEM micrograph. The results of the GC–MS analysis signify that the purification procedure affects the compounds in the LNPs. The kappa‐carrageenan (KC) biopolymers reinforced with purified LNPs provided more organized surfaces than the biopolymers reinforced with unpurified LNPs, leading to enhanced hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the bionanocomposites. This study shows the potential applications of valorized lignin from oil palm residue as a reinforcement agent in renewable packaging.Highlights Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were yielded from empty fruit bunch black liquor. Syringyl to guaiacyl ratio of LNPs was increased from 0.83 to 1.26. Biopolymers were prepared by incorporating LNPs into the kappa‐carrageenan. Biopolymer with 4% purified LNPs had an optimum contact angle of 106.83°. The optimized biopolymer showed an optimum tensile strength of 38.42 MPa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Elemental Composition Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of purified lignin nanoparticles reinforced marine‐derived biopolymer composites

Alfatah,

Surya,

H.P.S.

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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“…Given that both are macrocomponents, the higher the percentage of P and K, the better the quality of the end product. Besides, nitrogen also influences phosphorus levels, indicating that the greater the N content, the higher the P due to the multiplication of remodeling microorganisms [ 85 ]. Microorganisms use potassium as a catalyst in the substrate material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microorganisms use potassium as a catalyst in the substrate material. The presence of bacteria and their activities will significantly cause an increase in the content [ 85 ]. Phosphorus plays a role in the forming of flowers and fruits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composting for a More Sustainable Palm Oil Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Supriatna

Setiawati

Sudirja

et al. 2022

The Scientific World Journal

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Palm oil production has increased significantly, specifically in Indonesia and Malaysia. However, this growth has raised environmental concerns due to the high discharge of empty fruit bunches, palm oil mill effluents, and other solid wastes. Therefore, this study aims to examine the treatment of palm oil waste by composting and systematically review insights into its application through a systematic literature review approach. Among the 1155 articles, a total of 135 were selected for a systematic review of palm oil waste management developments and their applications, while 14 were used for determining compost quality according to the criteria and requirements established in the systematic literature review. Moreover, using Egger’s test, JAMOVI 1.6.23 software was used to analyze random effects models with 95% confidence intervals and publication bias. The results showed that palm oil waste was optimally treated by composting, which is considered as a sustainable technology for protecting the environment, human safety, and economic value. The in-vessel method with a controlled composting chamber is the best system with a minimum time of 14 days. However, it requires tight control and provides a final product with a high microbial colony form outdoors and indoors compared to the windrow system. This study is useful to see the bias of research results and helps to find new studies that need to be developed, especially in this case related to the management of palm oil waste into organic compost fertilizer and its application methods in the field. It is suggested that applying palm oil waste or compost is mainly performed by mulching. In contrast, new challenges for better processing to produce organic fertilizers and applicable technologies for sustainable waste management are recommended. The method must be affordable, efficient, and practical, combining compost quality with maximum nutrient recovery.

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“…Larutan Gambar 2. Spektrum inframerah isolat lignin Puncak pada bilangan gelombang 1460 -1420 cm -1 dapat dikaitkan dengan getaran regangan C-H cincin aromatik (Hidayati et al, 2020).…”

Section: Penentuan Kadar Ligninunclassified

Efektivitas Fotodegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Ampas Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Menggunakan Katalis TiO₂

Natsir

Pratiwi

Azis³

et al. 2022

Kovalen

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Lignin degradation from sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) waste has been carried out using a TiO2 catalyst. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of lignin degradation from sago waste using a TiO2 catalyst. Lignin from sago pulp was isolated using 10% NaOH and characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of the characterization using FTIR show that the absorption at wave number 2937.59 cm-1 is the -C-H stretching vibration of the alkane functional groups, the absorption at wave number 2360.87 cm-1 is the vibration of the C≡C triple bond, the wave numbers 1795.73 cm-1 and 1637.56 cm-1 are associated with the stretching of the carbonyl group. The absorption at wave number 1427.32 cm-1 is a C-H vibration connected to an unsaturated bond in an aromatic ring. Absorptions at wave number 1105.21 cm-1, 1128.36 cm-1, 1153.43 cm-1 were the stretching vibration of -C-H on the guaiasil ring, and the absorption at wave number 1022.27 cm-1 was the stretching vibration of C-O-C ether. From this spectrum, it can be seen that lignin is not completely pure because it is probably still mixed with cellulose. The results of the effectiveness test of lignin degradation using a TiO2 catalyst with the help of UV light were able to degrade the lignin isolated by 31.43%, for 3 hours at a lignin concentration of 40 ppm.

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Lignin isolation from black liquor from oil palm empty fruit bunch using acid

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of purified lignin nanoparticles reinforced marine‐derived biopolymer composites

Hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of purified lignin nanoparticles reinforced marine‐derived biopolymer composites

Composting for a More Sustainable Palm Oil Waste Management: A Systematic Literature Review

Efektivitas Fotodegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Ampas Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Menggunakan Katalis TiO₂

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