Lignin Matrix Composites from Natural Resources – ARBOFORM®

Nägele, H.; Pfitzer, Juergen; Ziegler, Lars; Inone‐Kauffmann, Emilia Regina; Eckl, Wilhelm; Eisenreich, N.

doi:10.1002/9781118676646.ch5

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another possibility to make use of favourable thermal characteristics of lignin is its incorporation in the production of thermoplastics [129,220].…”

Section: Lignin As Bulk Materials In Co-polymer Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionanotechnology to Save the Environment

2019

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He is also an industrial expert; in fact, since 1980 he is CEO and R&D Director of the Nanoscience Centre of MAVI sud Srl, an Italian company manufacturing and distributing clinically correct cosmetics.In 1960 he brilliantly graduated from the University of Roma "La Sapienza", and over the years has taught as temporary professor of Applied Cosmetic Dermatology and Skin Pharmacology at the universities of L'Aquila, Milan, Pavia, and Rome, in addition to chairing many scientific seminars as keynote speaker expert in Cosmetic Dermatology at international conferences in Europe, Russia, China, East Asia, Asia-Pacific and the USA.His current research interests are focused on the development of biomaterials based on the use of chitin nanofibrils and other polymers obtained from agricultural and industrial waste by a nanotechnological biomimetic approach. Due to this expertise, as R&D Director of MAVI, he has been the coordinator of two innovative European research projects: Chitofarma about the production of non-woven tissues to be used in advanced medications, n-Chitopack about production of biodegradable and compostable food grade packaging, participating also in Bio-mimetic and Polybioskin projects about production of bio-based films to be applied in cosmetic emulsions, and innovative and smart beauty masks to be used as innovative cosmeceuticals.Author of over 400 publications, including peer-reviewed journal papers, conference proceedings, book chapters, authored books, edited books and patents relevant to cosmetic dermatology and bio-nanomaterials, he is a fellow of the Italian Society of Pharmacology, the European Academy of Dermatology, the American Academy of Dermatology, the Italian Society of Chemistry and Cosmetic Sciences, and he is the co-founder and Secretary General of the International Society of Cosmetic Dermatology.Founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Applied Cosmetology, and member of the R&D Commission of Federchimica (Italian Federation of Chemical Industries), in the year 2000 he has been recognized as Academician by the Italian Academy of History of Medicine.

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“…Another possibility to make use of favourable thermal characteristics of lignin is its incorporation in the production of thermoplastics [129,220].…”

Section: Lignin As Bulk Materials In Co-polymer Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bionanotechnology to Save the Environment

2019

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“…Thermoplastics can also be produced by the use of lignin [62,63]. Another important sector in the exploitation of lignin is the production of carbon fibers [64,65], which have been a research object since the first example was reported in 1969 [66].…”

Section: Macromoleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Lange¹,

Bartzoka²,

Crestini³

2015

Biorefineries

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Lignin is the second most abundant polymer in forest biomass. Compared to the ubiquitous use of cellulose, lignin is currently simply wasted. The reason for this lies in the challenging structural features and the still incomplete understanding of the correlation between structural features and polymer characteristics displayed by various lignins. This chapter will introduce the general characteristics and peculiarities of lignin as a biopolymer, present techniques specifically developed for its isolation, and describe promising ways toward its valorization, highlighting possibilities for using lignin in chemistry and material sciences. 11 Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use biorefinery, biotechnology, spectrometry, spectroscopy, etc. The achievements have been summarized in several monographs [1][2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, fundamental studies on lignin have not yet been concluded. Origin and characteristics of lignin Lignin occurrence and locationLignin, derived from lignum, Latin for wood, was introduced describing a not narrowly classified material early as 1819 by de Candolle, but not until Payen, in 1838, the term lignin was connected closely to a substance. Schulze, in 1865, chemically defined lignin as a polymer that was different from the cellulose components. [5]. Lignin accounts for 15-35% of the dry mass of wood, depending on the type of wood; it is thus the second most abundant natural polymer in forest biomass after cellulose [6]. The rather hydrophobic polymer lignin is present in plant cell walls, where it chemically and physically links the other two major matrix components of the cell walls, cellulose and hemicelluloses [7]: it is located in form of a mixture together with hemicellulose between the cellulose fibrils [1-8]. The tight interplay among these three major plant biopolymers results in an increased impermeability, mechanical strength, and rigidity of the plant cell walls and thus serves to give stability to the plants; it also gives the cells greater resistance to microbial attacks. The different functions of lignin in the plant cause its distribution to vary significantly within the different parts of the plant, i.e., among stem, branching points, branches, and leafs, and among the different walls of the plant cells themselves [9]. The concentration of lignin in the middle lamella and the primary wall is higher than the concentration in the secondary wall. Nonetheless, the majority of the total amount of lignin present in the plant, 75-85%, is located in the secondary wall, due to its considerably larger volume. The amount of lignin present in the plant varies from species to species, ranging from ca. 15% in monocots over ca. 20% in hardwoods to ca. 28% in softwoods and herbaceous angiosperms [2,7]. Lignin structureThe native structure of lignins suggests that it could play a central role as a new chemical feedstock, particularly in the formation of supramolecular materials and aromatic chemicals. It is the only aromatic large-volume renewable feedstock. Lignin, however,...

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“…Obviously, product data sheets exist for all three forms of presentation, which give information about method of processing, method of delivery, and some basic material data (for additional information, please see the “Acknowledgements” section). Each of these presentation forms contains varying proportions of lignin, but all of them are biodegradable (up to 100%) and are environmentally friendly [ 9 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multitude of tests and observations have been carried out so far on “liquid wood”. These tests approached the topics of: biodegradability [ 37 ], the influence of the reinforcing material [ 34 , 38 ], tensile strength [ 39 , 40 ], microindentation [ 41 , 42 ], bending resistance [ 43 , 44 ], impact resistance [ 45 ], calorimetry [ 42 ], thermal properties [ 46 ], electrical properties [ 46 ], effect of UV light [ 47 ], surface analysis [ 48 ], and SEM analysis (several results can be visualized below, in Figure 1 a,b) [ 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Behavior in the Dynamics of a Polymeric Biocomposite Material—“Liquid Wood”. Experimental and Theoretical Aspects

et al. 2021

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The purpose of the present paper is to analyze, both experimentally and theoretically, the behavior of the polymeric biocomposite generically known as “liquid wood”, trademarked as Arbofill. The experimental part refers to the mechanical performance in tension and compression, having as finality the possibility of using “liquid wood” as a material suitable for the rehabilitation of degraded wooden elements in civil structures (ex. use in historical buildings, monuments etc.,). The theoretical part refers to computer simulations regarding the mechanical behavior of “liquid wood” as well as to a theoretical model in the paradigm of motion, which describes the same behavior. This model is based on the hypothesis that “liquid wood” can be assimilated, both structurally and functionally, to a multifractal object, situation in which its entities are described through continuous, non-differentiable curves. Then, descriptions of the behavior of “liquid wood”, both in the Schrödinger-type and in hydrodynamic-type representations at various scale resolutions, become operational. Since in the hydrodynamic-type representation, the constitutive law of “liquid wood” can be highlighted, several operational procedures (Ricatti-type gauge, differential geometry in absolute space etc.,) will allow correlations between the present proposed model and the experimental data. The obtained results, both practical (81% bearing capacity in compression and 36% bearing capacity in tension, compared to control samples) and theoretical (validation of material performance in virtual environment simulations, stresses and strains correlations in a theoretical model) indicate that “liquid wood” could be used in the construction industry, as a potential rehabilitation material, but with more development clearly needed.

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Lignin Matrix Composites from Natural Resources – ARBOFORM®

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Bionanotechnology to Save the Environment

Bionanotechnology to Save the Environment

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Complex Behavior in the Dynamics of a Polymeric Biocomposite Material—“Liquid Wood”. Experimental and Theoretical Aspects

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