Lignin modification and valorization in medicine, cosmetics, environmental remediation and agriculture: a review

Mondal, Sanchit; Jatrana, Anushree; Maan, Sheetal

doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01585-3

“…The aryl ether (such as β-O-4 and α-O-4) and carbon–carbon (such as β-5 and β–β) bonds are the bridges that connect these building block units. 52,53 One of the possible structures of lignin is represented in Fig. 1b.…”

Section: Structure–activity Relationship Between Lignin Structure And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films: a review

Wang,

Gu,

Feng

et al. 2023

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“…[1b,16a] Normally, sulfuric acid is used as catalyst in this process and the reactivity is increased as aromatic hydroxyl groups are more reactive than aliphatic hydroxyl groups in lignin. [11] Alternatively, urethane bonds can be incorporated into the lignin structure by the reaction between the hydroxyl groups of lignin and isocyanates, such as 4,4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI). [1b,18] The process is known as urethanization and leads to the synthesis of lignin-based polyurethanes.…”

Section: Minireviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nitration is another way to incorporate nitrogen in the lignin structure by using nitrating agents in non‐aqueous solvents (e.g., acetic anhydride, acetic acid, sulfuric acid) [1b,11] . Nitrolignin can be potentially applied as a precursor for electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions [12] .…”

Section: Lignin Functionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Upconversion by Functionalization and Network Formation

Chandna,

Olivares M.,

Baranovskii

et al. 2023

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Lignin, a complex and abundant biopolymer derived from plant cell walls, has emerged as a promising feedstock for sustainable material development. Due to the high abundance of phenylpropanoid units, aromatic rings, and hydroxyl groups, lignin is an ideal candidate for being explored in various material applications. Therefore, the demand on lignin valorization for development of value‐added products is significantly increasing. This mini‐review provides an overview of lignin upconversion, focusing on its functionalization through chemical and enzymatic routes, and its application in lignin‐based polymer resins, hydrogels, and nanomaterials. The functionalization of lignin molecules with various chemical groups offers tailored properties and increased compatibility with other materials, expanding its potential applications. Additionally, the formation of lignin‐based networks, either through cross‐linking or blending with polymers, generates novel materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. However, challenges remain in optimizing functionalization techniques, preserving the innate complexity of lignin, and achieving scalability for industrial implementation. As lignin's potential continues to be unlocked, it is poised to contribute significantly to the shift towards more eco‐friendly and resource‐efficient industries

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“…[1b,6a] Normalerweise wird bei diesem Prozess Schwefelsäure als Katalysator verwendet und die Reaktivität erhöht, da aromatische Hydroxylgruppen im Lignin reaktiver sind als aliphatische Hydroxylgruppen. [11] Alternativ können Urethanbindungen durch die Reaktion zwischen den Hydroxylgruppen des Lignins und Isocyanaten wie 4,4'-Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) in die Ligninstruktur eingebaut werden. [1b,18] Dieser Prozess wird als Urethanierung bezeichnet und führt zur Synthese von Polyurethanen auf Ligninbasis.…”

Section: Chemische Funktionalisierung Von Ligninunclassified

Ligninumwandlung durch Funktionalisierung und Netzwerkbildung

Chandna,

Olivares M.,

Baranovskii

et al. 2023

Angewandte Chemie

0

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Lignin, a complex and abundant biopolymer derived from plant cell walls, has emerged as a promising feedstock for sustainable material development. Due to the high abundance of phenylpropanoid units, aromatic rings, and hydroxyl groups, lignin is an ideal candidate for being explored in various material applications. Therefore, the demand on lignin valorization for development of value‐added products is significantly increasing. This mini‐review provides an overview of lignin upconversion, focusing on its functionalization through chemical and enzymatic routes, and its application in lignin‐based polymer resins, hydrogels, and nanomaterials. The functionalization of lignin molecules with various chemical groups offers tailored properties and increased compatibility with other materials, expanding its potential applications. Additionally, the formation of lignin‐based networks, either through cross‐linking or blending with polymers, generates novel materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. However, challenges remain in optimizing functionalization techniques, preserving the innate complexity of lignin, and achieving scalability for industrial implementation. As lignin's potential continues to be unlocked, it is poised to contribute significantly to the shift towards more eco‐friendly and resource‐efficient industries

show abstract

Lignin modification and valorization in medicine, cosmetics, environmental remediation and agriculture: a review

Cited by 34 publications

References 168 publications

Lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films: a review

Lignin-containing biodegradable UV-blocking films: a review

Lignin Upconversion by Functionalization and Network Formation

Ligninumwandlung durch Funktionalisierung und Netzwerkbildung

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