Lignin Nanoparticles and Alginate Gel Beads: Preparation, Characterization and Removal of Methylene Blue

Abstract

A novel and effective green system consisting of deep eutectic solvent (DES) was proposed to prepare lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) without any lignin modification. The LNPs are obtained through the dialysis of the kraft lignin-DES solution. The particle size distribution, Zeta potential and morphology of the LNPs are characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average diameter of LNPs is in the range 123.6 to 140.7 nm, and the LNPs show good stability and dispersibility in water. The composite beads composed of LNPs and sodium alginate (SA) are highly efficient (97.1%) at removing methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous solution compared to 82.9% and 77.4% by the SA/bulk kraft lignin composite and pure SA, respectively. Overall, the LNPs-SA bio-nanocomposite with high adsorption capacity (258.5 mg/g) could be useful in improving water quality and other related applications.

Deep eutectic-like solvents: Promising green media for biomass treatment and preparation of nanomaterials

“…Highly valuable but trace components, such as phenolics and anthocyanins (Cao et al 2018), also have been extracted from biomass resources, by which it is feasible to obtain various extracts for direct-use and later-use. Not only that, some DES can affect the microstructure of biomass, serve as an auxiliary for the preparation of biomass nanoparticles, or control the formation of composites (Smirnov et al 2020;Douard et al 2021;Luo et al 2022) Thus, it can be said that DESs have a myriad of promising applications in biorefinery, agriculture, analytical chemistry, food safety, and so on.…”

“…This also provides the advantage of recycling. Some DESs are easily recovered by adding water, or PEER-REVIEWED REVIEW ARTICLE bioresources.com with vacuum distillation (Luo et al 2022;Tian et al 2017;Shen et al 2019). There are multifarious substances that can be dissolved in DESs, such as metals (Abbott et al 2004), bioactive substances (Wagle et al 2014;Gállego et al 2015), and protein (Chen et al 2021).…”

“…According to Luo et al (2022), kraft lignin was dissolved completely in DES composed of ChCl and ethanolamine in ratio of 1 to 6, after 2 h at ambient temperature to conveniently prepare homogeneous spherical lignin nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 123.6 to 140.7 nm, using a solvent-antisolvent method. LNPs with sodium alginate (SA) were also integrated to prepare SA/LNPs composite bend (nano adsorbent), which presented high efficiency of 97.1% in removing methylene blue.…”

Deep eutectic-like solvents: Promising green media for biomass treatment and preparation of nanomaterials

“…This also provides the advantage of recycling. Some DESs are easily recovered by adding water, or with vacuum distillation (Luo et al 2022;Tian et al 2017;Shen et al 2019). There are multifarious substances that can be dissolved in DESs, such as metals (Abbott et al 2004), bioactive substances (Wagle et al 2014;Gállego et al 2015), and protein (Chen et al 2021).…”

The Impacts of Bio-Based and Synthetic Hydrogels on Soil Hydraulic Properties: A Review

“…A common route for preparing alginate-based hydrogels is from reacting aqueous alginate solutions with divalent cations (commonly Ca 2+ ) by binding with the G units and forming crosslinks with adjacent G blocks of adjacent polymer chains resulting in a hydrogel [ 8 ]. Several researchers have improved the properties of alginate-based hydrogels by including other biopolymers as additives [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Another efficient pathway by which bio-based hydrogels can be produced is through free-radical graft polymerization of vinyl monomers onto a biopolymer backbone e.g., carbohydrates and proteins [ 13 ].…”