Lignocaine kinetics in cardiac patients and aged subjects.

Nation, RL; Triggs, E. J.; Selig, Martin K.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00759.x

Cited by 158 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]11,[40][41][42] Any residual effects that might persist after cessation of infusion were evaluated by pairwise comparison between the identical dose administrations on day 1 (baseline values) and day 10; each dog served as its own control. Biliary excretion is not considered because this process is negligible for LD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Its Pharmacokinetics in Conscious Instrumented Dogs

Ngo

Tam

Tawfik

et al. 1997

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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In this study, potential alterations in hepatic blood flow, plasma protein binding, hepatic tissue binding, and enzyme activities induced by LD iv infusion of lidocaine (LD) were evaluated using a chronically instrumented dog model. Four conscious female mongrel dogs (19.0-23.5 kg) were each given, on days 1 and 10, a 5-min infusion of a mixture of unlabeled LD at approximately 2 mg/kg and 14C-labeled LD at approximately 25 microCi and, on day 8, a 12-h constant rate iv infusion of LD (approximately 76 microg/kg/min). During LD infusion, there was a 11-79% increase in total hepatic blood flow, mainly due to a 1.6-9.2-fold increase in hepatic arterial flow. Despite similar blood clearance (27.5 +/- 6.0 mL/min/kg vs 27.5 +/- 3.5 mL/min/kg), volume of distribution at steady state (1.38 +/- 0.08 L/kg vs 1.36 +/- 0.17 L/kg), and free fraction values of LD between days 1 and 10 (p > 0.05), intrinsic clearance values were consistently reduced (1224 +/- 859 mL/ min/kg vs 285 +/- 104 mL/min/kg; p = 0.034). Furthermore, hepatic tissue uptake of LD and/or its metabolites was less on day 10 than on day 1 (39.7 +/- 14.5 micromol vs 30.1 +/- 15.1 micromol; p = 0.072). The extent of N-dealkylation of LD to MEGX was unaltered, whereas sequential biotransformation of MEGX was impaired. Hence, these findings suggested that LD infusion led to a reduction of hepatic intrinsic clearance, although the change was not significant enough to alter its conventional kinetic parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Its Pharmacokinetics in Conscious Instrumented Dogs

Ngo

Tam

Tawfik

et al. 1997

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…Intra-articular lidocaine, used for pain management after knee surgery, increased subcutaneous tissue oxygen tension indicating improved microvascular flow (Akca et al, 1999). Human studies suggest that the dose-dependent properties of local anesthetics may be more pronounced in older tissues as a result of age-related decreases in hepatic blood flow and clearance (Nation et al, 1977). …”

Section: Interventions That Influence the Aging Microcirculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of aging on the cutaneous microvasculature

Bentov

Reed

2015

Microvascular Research

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Aging is associated with a progressive loss of function in all organs. Under normal conditions the physiologic compensation for age-related deficits is sufficient, but during times of stress the limitations of this reserve become evident. Explanations for this reduction in reserve include the changes in the microcirculation that occur during the normal aging process. The microcirculation is defined as the blood flow through arterioles, capillaries and venules, which are the smallest vessels in the vasculature and are embedded within organs and tissues. Optimal strategies to maintain the microvasculature following surgery and other stressors must use multifactorial approaches. Using skin as the model organ, we will review the anatomical and functional changes in the microcirculation with aging, and some of the available clinical strategies to potentially mitigate the effect of these changes on important clinical outcomes.

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“…This may be explained by the age of the subjects studied as lignocaine half-life has been shown to increase with age (Nation et al, 1977).…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of lignocaine and bupivacaine from the respiratory tract during fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

McBurney¹,

Jones²,

Stanley³

et al. 1984

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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Absorption of lignocaine and bupivacaine from the upper and lower respiratory tract was studied in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy. No significant differences were found between the drugs and between the routes of administration in terms of the time taken to achieve maximum plasma concentrations. The relative availability of lignocaine was greater following administration via the upper respiratory tract, but bupivacaine availability did not differ. The apparent clearance of lignocaine was not affected by the route of administration but bupivacaine clearance was higher following administration via the lower respiratory tract. Bupivacaine, previously unreported as a topical agent in man, produced adequate anaesthesia at one‐eighth of the dose of lignocaine. Plasma bupivacaine concentrations had a very wide safety margin.

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Lignocaine kinetics in cardiac patients and aged subjects.

Cited by 158 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Its Pharmacokinetics in Conscious Instrumented Dogs

Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Lidocaine on Its Pharmacokinetics in Conscious Instrumented Dogs

The effect of aging on the cutaneous microvasculature

Absorption of lignocaine and bupivacaine from the respiratory tract during fibreoptic bronchoscopy.

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