Lignocellulose, Cellulose and Lignin as Renewable Alternative Fuels for Direct Biomass Fuel Cells

Antolini, Ermete

doi:10.1002/cssc.202001807

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 136 publications

(379 reference statements)

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“…Carbon aerogels (CAs) are considered as a promising electrode material for energy storage and conversion applications in fuel cells, supercapacitors, and batteries due to their inherent characteristics, including massive specific surface area (SSA), a large pore volume, excellent electrical conductivity, and outstanding chemical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities [30][31][32]. In addition, they can be prepared from cellulose biomass, which is one of the most naturally abundant and cost-effective biopolymers [33]. For instance, Yang et al developed N-doped CAs (NCAs) based on pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile at controlled temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 • C [34].…”

Section: Carbon Aerogel-based Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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Carbon-based nanocomposites have developed as the most promising and emerging materials in nanoscience and technology during the last several years. They are microscopic materials that range in size from 1 to 100 nanometers. They may be distinguished from bulk materials by their size, shape, increased surface-to-volume ratio, and unique physical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanocomposite matrixes are often created by combining more than two distinct solid phase types. The nanocomposites that were constructed exhibit unique properties, such as significantly enhanced toughness, mechanical strength, and thermal/electrochemical conductivity. As a result of these advantages, nanocomposites have been used in a variety of applications, including catalysts, electrochemical sensors, biosensors, and energy storage devices, among others. This study focuses on the usage of several forms of carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon aerogels, carbon nanofibers, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and fullerenes, in the development of hydrogen fuel cells. These fuel cells have been successfully employed in numerous commercial sectors in recent years, notably in the car industry, due to their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and long-cyclic durability. Further; we discuss the principles, reaction mechanisms, and cyclic stability of the fuel cells and also new strategies and future challenges related to the development of viable fuel cells.

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Section: Carbon Aerogel-based Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

et al. 2022

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“…Then herbivores get the energy by eating plants, and carnivores get the energy by eating herbivores. Although most biomass is composed of complex carbohydrates, they can be easily broken down into glucose molecules in organisms [2][3][4]. Therefore, glucose is a ubiquitous and versatile energy source for nearly all living things.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other conventional substrates for fuel cells, such as hydrogen gas and methanol, glucose is easily available, low-cost, and non-toxic [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In addition, renewable biomass resources, including starch and cellulose, can be easily converted into glucose molecules at little energy cost [4,17,20]. Furthermore, there are no explosion hazards or storing problems associated with glucose, while hydrogen and methanol are very flammable and can cause fires and explosions when being handled improperly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose Fuel Cells and Membranes: A Brief Overview and Literature Analysis

Liu

2022

Sustainability

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Glucose is a ubiquitous source of energy for nearly all living things, and glucose fuel cells (GFCs) are regarded as a sustainable power source because glucose is renewable, easily available, cheap, abundant, non-toxic and easy-to-store. Numerous efforts have been devoted to developing and improving GFC performance; however, there is still no commercially viable devices on the market. Membranes play an essential role in GFCs for the establishment of a suitable local microenvironment, selective ion conducting and prevention of substrate crossover. However, our knowledge on them is still limited, especially on how to achieve comparable efficacy with that of a biological system. This review article provides the first brief overview on these aspects, particularly keeping in sight the research trends, current challenges, and the future prospects. We aim to bring together literature analysis and technological discussion on GFCs and membranes by using bibliometrics, and provide new ideas for researchers in this field to overcome challenges on developing high-performance GFCs.

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“…Lignin can be used as a feedstock for the preparation of bio‐based phenolic resins, polyurethane foams and epoxy resins 8 . In addition, lignin can also be used in the preparation of materials such as fuel cells, 9 carbon fibers, 10 thermoplastics, 11 and polymer films 12,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of an oxyalkylated lignin‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer to improve the compatibility of an organosolv lignin in blended poly(lactic acid) films

Eberhardt

Pan

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To improve the compatibility of an organosolv lignin (OL) in polylactic acid (PLA) blends, a green approach was pursued whereby the lignin was modified with propylene carbonate (PC) to increase its aliphatic hydroxyl content, and thereby, its reactivity. The oxyalkylated organosolv lignin (OOL, synthesized at 170°C) was analyzed by quantitative 31P NMR and showed the number of phenolic hydroxyls decreased from 4.73 to 0.16 mmol·g−1, and the number of aliphatic hydroxyls increased from 3.56 to 3.92 mmol·g−1. OOL‐g‐PLA copolymer (OOLPC) samples were prepared by graft polymerization of L‐lactide with the OOL and showed the molecular weights (Mn) to range from 12,343 to 16,834 Da, increasing with the lignin loading of the copolymer. Scanning electron microscope indicated that the graft copolymerization reaction between L‐lactide and the OOL afforded a copolymer that was compatible with PLA. The highest increase in elongation at break was 7.43% for the PLA blend films prepared with the OOLPC having a 5.0% loading of OOL; the tensile strength at this level of lignin loading was 12.03% lower. Introducing an OL into the blend films showed excellent ultraviolet absorption ability and thus the OOLPC could be used as a well‐dispersed UV‐blocking agent for biocompatible packaging materials.

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Lignocellulose, Cellulose and Lignin as Renewable Alternative Fuels for Direct Biomass Fuel Cells

Abstract: His research interests focus on the development of materials for heterogeneous catalysis with emphasis on supported catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells. In 2014 he was recognized a Highly Cited Researcher by Thomson Reuters (ISI Web of Knowledge).

Cited by 43 publications

References 136 publications

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

Recent Developments in Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Fuel Cell Applications: A Review

Glucose Fuel Cells and Membranes: A Brief Overview and Literature Analysis

Preparation of an oxyalkylated lignin‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer to improve the compatibility of an organosolv lignin in blended poly(lactic acid) films

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