Lignocellulosic biomass. Part I: Biomass transformation.

Abstract

Biomasa Lignocelulósica. Parte I: Transformación de biomasa ResumenPalabras claves La biomasa lignocelulósica es una fuente prometedora de energía renovable y productos químicos valiosos. Este tipo de biomasa puede ser convertida en formas útiles de energía como combustibles y productos químicos a través de procesos bioquímicos o termoquímicos. Dentro de los procesos termoquímicos, la pirolisis ha recibido un creciente interés en los ulmos años. El líquido condensado obtenido a través de la pirólisis se conoce como a partir del cual se pueden obtener valiosos. Químicamente, este líquido es una mezcla compleja de compuestos orgánicos (fenoles, ácidos carboxílicos, alcoholes, cetonas, moleculas heterocíclicas entre otros) formados a través de la descomposición termoquímica de celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina. En este artículo, se hace una revisión de los tipos de biomasa existentes, haciendo un énfasis en la biomasa de bagazo de caña de azúcar, que es la biomasa que más se produce no solo en la región del Valle del Cauca, en Colombia y en el mundo. También se revisan los procesos de conversión de biomasa. Biomasa PirólisisBiogás Biocoque Bagazo de caña de azúcar

Valorization of Biomass as a Raw Material to Obtain Products of Industrial Interest

“…Due to the wide range of biomass that exists in the world, it can be classified according to its: (a) origin, (b) physical state and (c) chemical composition as shown in Figures 1 and 2 [4,5].…”

Valorization of residual lignocellulosic biomass in South America: a review

“…Residual lignocellulosic biomass (RLB) has played a significant role as a primary source of energy for humanity throughout history and continues to hold immense potential, with the ability to contribute approximately 14% of the world’s energy supply (Cáceres et al, 2016 ). Lignocellulosic biomass primarily originates from various sources, including forestry (wood residues), agriculture (plant materials generated in coffee, rice, banana farms, and other agricultural practices), industry (by-products resulting from industrial production processes), and urban areas (waste or garbage) (Afanasjeva et al 2017 ). These diverse sources offer abundant opportunities for sustainable energy production and resource utilization.…”

“…This type of residue comes mainly from firewood and wood; it can be sawdust, tree felling debris, chips, and branches. They are obtained either in the extraction process or in the treatment of wood (Afanasjeva et al 2017 ). This is one of the most widely distributed and therefore most abundant residues, and it is also considered renewable because as new crops are grown, new biomass is generated.…”

“…The process occurs in the presence of anaerobic bacteria, which carry out three stages: decomposition, conversion into organic acids, and conversion of the acids into methane. Different types of bacteria are involved in these stages, with acid-forming bacteria in the first two stages and both acetophilic and hydrogenophilic bacteria in the third stage (Afanasjeva et al 2017 ).…”