Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization: Production of Ethanol

Han, Wei; Yan, Yingting; Wenshi, Yi; Tang, Junhong

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10239-8

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The annual production of lignocellulose biomass is about 181.5 billion tons globally, out of which only 8.2 billion tons is used in various application areas [201]. Lignocellulosic biomass is classified into four common groups such as (1) agricultural/crop residues, (2) energy crops, (3) forest residues, and (4) industrial or municipal solid wastes [202,203].…”

Section: Lignocellulosic (Plant) Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Needs and Pathways to Advance Hydrothermal Carbonization Technology

Dang,

Cappai,

Chung

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a proven cost-effective and energy-efficient method for waste management and value-added product recovery. There are, however, several issues that require further improvement or research. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of HTC in comparison to traditional pyrolysis is crucial for scientists to choose between them or use both (complementary) to achieve specific product properties. Additionally, sharing information on diverse modeling approaches and scales is crucial to enhance the robustness and universality of HTC process models. In addition, the study on the applicability of hydrochars on target applications such as soil amendment is crucial to give back nutrients to soils and face the dependence on finite specific feedstocks in this field. Also, proper management of the process by-products, especially process water, must be addressed to improve the carbon and hydric footprint of the process. Reviewing the suitability of HTC to treat specific challenging wastes, whose strength is not related to their calorific value but to their nutrient composition (i.e., manures), is also an appealing topic for HTC research. This paper aims to tackle the above-mentioned issues through an updated review and discussion of research gaps that require further investigation.

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Section: Lignocellulosic (Plant) Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Needs and Pathways to Advance Hydrothermal Carbonization Technology

Dang,

Cappai,

Chung

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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“…Furthermore, few traces of nitrogen are also found in the MFW sample, which can result in the production of harmful NOx during pyrolysis and gasification (Mansor et al, 2018). Table 4 also shows that the percent composition of hemicellulose in the MFW is less than that of biomass, however, the percent composition of cellulose and lignin falls within the range of their percent composition in typical biomass (25%-50% for cellulose and 10%-25% for lignin; Wei et al, 2017). Some nutrients such as protein, starch, and lipids are also present in an MFW and their effect on syngas production via thermochemical conversion has not been investigated much.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Syngas production from thermochemical conversion of mixed food waste: A review

Yadav

Katiyar

Mesfer

et al. 2023

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Lately, the generation of leftover food or cooked food waste has turned out to be a critical issue and its disposal in an environmental friendly way has been a challenge. This food waste is being sent for incineration and landfilling which results in a significant contribution to environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative methods for processing food waste in an environmentally benign way have been explored by many researchers. Thermochemical methods are one of those methods and are found to be promising for not only handling the food waste in an ecological way but also producing renewable energy efficiently in the form of bio-oil and syngas along with a solid byproduct, that is, biochar. However, the generation of syngas is favored by only two thermochemical processes, fast pyrolysis, and gasification. Some derived processes such as co-pyrolysis, and co-gasification can also generate syngas. All these

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“…The cellulose contents in untreated MAH and IRO were similar (≈25-28 wt.%), while the lignin content had a larger variation (31.9 wt.% in MAH and 38.4 wt.% in IRO). The remaining fractions of PKS, MAH and IRO not accounted for in Table 1 may include proteins, oils and ash [45]. After pretreatment, a slight increase in the cellulose content was observed for PKS leached with water or strong acids.…”

Section: Compositional Analysis Of Pretreated Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acid Pretreatment on the Primary Products of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

et al. 2023

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A high load of inorganics in raw lignocellulosic biomass is known to inhibit the yield of bio-oil and alter the chemical reactions during fast pyrolysis of biomass. In this study, palm kernel shell (PKS), an agricultural residue from palm oil production, and two other woody biomass samples (mahogany (MAH) sawdust and iroko (IRO) sawdust) were pretreated with distilled water or an acidic solution (either acetic, formic, hydrochloric (HCl) or sulfuric acid (H2SO4)) before fast pyrolysis in order to investigate its effect on the primary products and pyrolysis reaction pathways. The raw and pretreated PKS, MAH and IRO were pyrolysed at 600 °C and 5 s with a micro-pyrolyser connected to a gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID). Of the leaching solutions, HCl was the most effective in removing inorganics from the biomass and enhancing the primary pyrolysis product formed compared to the organic acids (acetic and formic acid). The production of levoglucosan was greatly improved for all pretreated biomasses when compared to the original biomass but especially after HCl pretreatment. Additionally, the relative content of the saccharides was maximised after pretreatment with H2SO4, which was due to the increased production of levoglucosenone. The relative content of the saccharides increased by over 70%. This increase may have occurred due to a possible reaction catalysed by the remaining acid in the biomass. The production of furans, especially furfural, was increased for all pretreatments but most noticeable when H2SO4 was used. However, the relative content of acids and ketones was generally reduced for PKS, MAH and IRO across all leaching solutions. The relative content of the phenol-type compound decreased to a large extent during pyrolysis after acid pretreatment, which may be attributed to dehydration and demethoxylation reactions. This study shows that the production of valuable chemicals could be promoted by pretreatment with different acid solutions.

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Lignocellulosic Biomass Valorization: Production of Ethanol

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Research Needs and Pathways to Advance Hydrothermal Carbonization Technology

Research Needs and Pathways to Advance Hydrothermal Carbonization Technology

Syngas production from thermochemical conversion of mixed food waste: A review

Effect of Acid Pretreatment on the Primary Products of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

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