Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects

Hassan, Shady S.; Williams, Gwilym A.; Jaiswal, Amit K.

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.002

Cited by 133 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The generation of employment and added economic value could further add the positive aspect . The working bio‐refineries by lignocellulosic biomass currently account to 40 across Europe . The location of the biorefineries and supply of the feedstock is one of the prominent factors that can be crucial for determining the net carbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The working bio-refineries by lignocellulosic biomass currently account to 40 across Europe. 20 The location of the biorefineries and supply of the feedstock is one of the prominent factors that can be crucial for determining the net carbon emissions. Other factors such as utilisation of type of waste which does not affect the animal feed and other applications must be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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Summary The processing of waste through pyrolysis technology is gaining momentum worldwide and is considered to be a green technology to reduce CO2 emissions. This study is devoted to analysing the lignocellulosic biomass (date palm) and wastewater‐derived microalgae and the carbon‐rich char produced between temperature range (400°C‐600°C) from these biomass types. The properties of microalgae char showed that significant variation with date palm char exhibited high heating values (24‐28 MJ/kg), low ash content (11%‐16%), and high energy yield (48%‐42%). Algal biomass char showed considerably high nitrogen content (6%‐7%) as compared with date palm char (<1%), lower stability, and more significant influence on the price with respect to treatment temperature. Quaternary, pyrrolic, and pyridinic nitrogen species were found on the surface of the microalgae char, whereas no nitrogen species detected on date palm char due to low nitrogen content. The activation energy was also noted to be high for algal char during pyrolysis and combustion process. It can be concluded that date palm char is suitable for energy applications, whereas, algal char can be used for soil amendment, wastewater treatment, and applications requiring nitrogen‐doped char.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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“…Projects funded by the EU for using lignocellulosic feedstocks in the biorefinery industry. Adapted from[106].…”

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confidence: 99%

Significance and Challenges of Biomass as a Suitable Feedstock for Bioenergy and Biochemical Production: A Review

2018

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Fossil fuels have been a major contributor to greenhouse gases, the amounts of which could be reduced if biofuels such as bioethanol and biodiesel were used for transportation. One of the most promising biofuels is ethyl alcohol. In 2015, the world production of ethanol was 25.6 billion gallons and the USA, Brazil, China, the European Union, and 28 other countries have set targets for blending ethanol with gasoline. The two major bio-source materials used for ethanol production are corn and sugarcane. For 1st generation biofuels, sugarcane and corn feedstocks are not able to fulfill the current demand for alcohol. Non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is an alternative bio-source for creating 2nd generation biofuels and algae biomass for 3rd and 4th generation biofuels. This review discusses the significance of biomass for the different generations of biofuels, and biochemical and thermochemical processes, and the significance of biorefinery products.

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“…The use of lignocellulosic biomass has a crucial advantage over other biomass types by avoiding direct competition with food crops, which can have a detrimental effect on the dynamics of food supply . Regulatory developments are also accelerating the mobilization of such lignocellulosic‐based biorefining facilities; for instance, the EU has proposed ambitious targets to reduce the production of biofuels from food crops to 7% by 2030 and has invested close to €80 billion of research funding to consolidate a lignocellulosic biorefining sector . As a result, biorefineries that process lignocellulosic biomass into bio‐based materials, advanced biofuels, electricity, and heat are becoming increasingly relevant in different applications for liquid fuels, bio‐based chemicals, and bio‐based materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Regulatory developments are also accelerating the mobilization of such lignocellulosic-based biorefining facilities; for instance, the EU has proposed ambitious targets to reduce the production of biofuels from food crops to 7% by 2030 and has invested close to €80 billion of research funding to consolidate a lignocellulosic biorefining sector. 10,11 As a result, biorefineries that process lignocellulosic biomass into bio-based materials, advanced biofuels, electricity, and heat are becoming increasingly relevant in different applications for liquid fuels, bio-based chemicals, and biobased materials. 12 The multi-output / parallel production (co-production) characteristics of biorefineries result in biomass supply-chain optimization by reducing, recovering, or re-using waste, residues, and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

Vera

Hoefnagels

Kooij³

et al. 2019

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The efficient use of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of advanced fuels and bio‐based materials has become increasingly relevant. In the EU, regulatory developments are stimulating the mobilization and production of bio‐based chemicals / materials and biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. We used an attributional life‐cycle assessment approach based on region‐specific characteristics to determine the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) performance of different supply‐chain configurations with internationally sourced lignocellulosic biomass (stem wood, forest residues, sawmill residues, and sugarcane bagasse) from the USA, the Baltic States (BS), and Brazil (BR) for the simultaneous production of lactide and ethanol in a biorefinery located in the Netherlands (NL). The results are compared with a biorefinery that uses locally cultivated sugar beets. We also compared GHG emissions savings from the supply‐chain configurations with the minimum GHG saving requirements in the revised Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) and relevant fossil‐based counterparts for bio‐based materials. The GHG emissions ‘from cradle to factory gate’ vary between 692 g CO2eq/kglactide (sawmill residues pellets from the BS) and 1002 g CO2eq/kglactide (sawmill chips from the USA) for lactide and between 15 g CO2eq/MJethanol (sawmill residues pellets from the BS) and 28 g CO2eq/MJethanol (bagasse pellets from BR) for ethanol. Upstream GHG emissions from the conversion routes have a relatively small impact compared with biomass conversion to lactide and ethanol. The use of woody biomass yields better GHG emissions performance for the conversion system than sugarcane bagasse or sugar beets as result of the higher lignin content that is used to generate electricity and heat internally for the system. Only the sugar beet from the NL production route is able to comply with RED II GHG savings criteria (65% by 2021). The GHG savings from polylactide acid (a derivate of lactic acid) are high and vary depending on choice of fossil‐based counterpart, with the highest savings reported when compared to polystyrene (PS). These high savings are mostly attributed to the negative emission credit from the embedded carbon in the materials. Several improvement options along the conversion routes were explored. Efficient feedstock supply chains (including pelletization and large ocean vessels) also allow for long‐distance transportation of biomass and conversion in large‐scale biorefineries close to demand centers with similar GHG performance to biorefineries with a local biomass supply. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects

Cited by 133 publications

References 6 publications

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

Significance and Challenges of Biomass as a Suitable Feedstock for Bioenergy and Biochemical Production: A Review

A carbon footprint assessment of multi‐output biorefineries with international biomass supply: a case study for the Netherlands

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