Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production

Haus, Sylvia; Björnsson, Lovisa; Börjesson, Pål

doi:10.3390/en13051048

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…This case represents the integrated production of ethanol (and biogas) from sawdust at a sawmill. The energy flows (Figure 3) have been adapted from Haus et al [63]. The ethanol plant is scaled to an annual sawdust input of 200,000 ton ds and is integrated with a large sawmill (producing 500,000 m 3 sawn wood per year) that also imports sawdust from other sawmills in the region.…”

Section: Sawmill: Ethanol From Sawdustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Ericsson

2021

Energies

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Replacing fossil jet fuel with biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To this end, Sweden has adopted a GHG mandate on jet fuel, complementing those on petrol and diesel. The GHG mandate on jet fuel requires a gradual reduction in the fuel’s GHG emissions to up to 27% by 2030. This paper estimates the potential production of biojet fuel in Sweden for six integrated production pathways and analyzes what they entail with regard to net biomass input and the amount of hydrogen required for upgrading to fuel quality. Integrated production of biofuel intermediates from forestry residues and by-products at combined heat and power plants as well as at the forest industry, followed by upgrading to biojet fuel and other transportation fuels at a petroleum refinery, was assumed in all the pathways. The potential output of bio-based transportation fuels was estimated to 90 PJ/y, including 22 PJ/y of biojet fuel. The results indicate that it will be possible to meet the Swedish GHG mandate for jet fuel for 2030, although it will be difficult to simultaneously achieve the GHG mandates for road transportation fuels. This highlights the importance of pursuing complementary strategies for bio-based fuels.

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Section: Sawmill: Ethanol From Sawdustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Ericsson

2021

Energies

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“…It is assumed that two-thirds of the sawdust produced in the region will be available as feedstock for the biofuel production, whereas one-third is utilized for the production of pellets, etc. The primary energy input requirement and the associated GHG emissions during the sawdust collection are adapted from [24].…”

Section: Sawdustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ethanol production process consists of five process steps: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, and dehydration. The process parameters for forest residues and sawdust are based on previous studies [22,24,31,32]. The process in general includes the following steps: first, the size of the biomass is reduced to approximately ≈50-80 mm using a shredder or a knife mill.…”

Section: Ethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is here estimated that the willingness to pay for sawdust as feedstock for biofuel production will correspond to a level that gives sawmills at least equivalent or somewhat higher net revenues for the sawdust compared to when it is utilized for pellet production. This is because sawdust is regarded as a promising feedstock for various biofuel production routes due to it being a homogeneous feedstock with few or no impurities [24]. In addition, large amounts of sawdust are used for heat generation today, although other low-cost wood fuels, such as bark, could be used instead.…”

Section: Potential Of Feedstocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new and emerging biofuels also need to fulfill the sustainability criteria stated in the EU RED2, such as reducing the life cycle emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by at least 65%, compared with diesel and gasoline, regarding new production plants after 2020 [4]. There are some studies that evaluate the GHG performances of ethanol [22][23][24], HVO [25], and LBG [26] based on forestry residues. However, there is no study that together considers the feedstock potential and also analyzes the GHG and energy performance for the existing (ethanol) and emerging (HVO and LBG) technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considerations on Potentials, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Performance of Biofuels Based on Forest Residues for Heavy-Duty Road Transport in Sweden

Soam

Börjesson

2020

Energies

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This case study investigates the potentials, greenhouse gas (GHG), and energy performance of forest residue biofuels produced by new and emerging production technologies, which are commercially implemented in Sweden for heavy transport. The biofuel options included are ethanol (ED 95), hydro-processed vegetable oil (HVO), and liquefied biogas (LBG) produced from logging residues in forestry and sawdust generated in sawmills. The calculated life cycle GHG emissions, based on the EU Renewable Energy Directive calculation methodology, for all three pathways are in the range of 6–11 g CO2eq./MJ, corresponding to 88–94% GHG emission reductions as compared to fossil fuel. Critical parameters are the enzyme configuration for ethanol, hydrogen supply systems and bio-oil technology for HVO, and gasifier size for LBG. The energy input is ranging from 0.16 to 0.43 MJ/MJ biofuel and the total conversion efficiency from the feedstock to biofuel, including high-value by-products (excluding heat), varies between 61 and 65%. The study concludes that the domestic biofuel potential from estimated accessible logging residues and sawdust is equivalent to 50–100% of the current use of fossil diesel in heavy-duty road transport in Sweden, depending on the biofuel production technology selected and excluding energy by-products. Thus, an expansion of forest-based biofuels is a promising strategy to meet the ambitious climate goals in the transport sector in Sweden.

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Emerging technologies for the production of biojet fuels from wood—can greenhouse gas emission reductions meet policy requirements?

Björnsson

Ericsson

2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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The transition from fossil jet fuel to biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To enable such a fuel shift, the Swedish Government introduced a GHG emission reduction mandate of 27% by 2030 for aviation fuel sold in Sweden, forcing fuel suppliers to blend in biojet fuel in fossil jet fuel. A similar policy instrument is being discussed within the EU. Biojet fuels with life cycle GHG emissions 90% lower than those for fossil jet fuel are projected to be available by 2025, which by far exceeds the requirement of 65% lower emissions in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The purpose of this study was to carry out life cycle assessments for a number of wood-fuel-based production chains near commercialization and to determine whether they meet the Swedish projection and the EU requirement. The study illustrates what can be achieved in a region with high availability of wood fuels and access to heat and power with low GHG emissions. The production chains studied include the production of hydrocarbon intermediates via (i) fast pyrolysis, (ii) hydrothermal liquefaction, (iii) thermal gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch-synthesis, and (iv) cellulosic ethanol fermentation followed by upgrading of these four intermediates to biojet fuel and other liquid biofuels. The results show that all the production chains studied can deliver biojet fuels with 89–91% lower GHG emissions than fossil jet fuels. Non-fossil hydrogen is required to achieve low emissions in the upgrading of intermediates from fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction.

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Lignocellulosic Ethanol in a Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Obligation System—A Case Study of Swedish Sawdust Based-Ethanol Production

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Potential for the Integrated Production of Biojet Fuel in Swedish Plant Infrastructures

Considerations on Potentials, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Performance of Biofuels Based on Forest Residues for Heavy-Duty Road Transport in Sweden

Emerging technologies for the production of biojet fuels from wood—can greenhouse gas emission reductions meet policy requirements?

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