Lignocellulosics as a Renewable Feedstock for Chemical Industry: Chemicals from Lignin

Fellows, Christopher M.; Brown, Thomas J.; Doherty, William O.S.

doi:10.1002/9781118287705.ch18

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…In the current context of sustainable development and green chemistry, lignin valorization represents an important challenge in the biorefinery area in order to diminish the reliance on oil. , Indeed, a biorefinery integrates biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. In this context, lignin is a widely available bioresource and presents a high potential for valorization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Oxidation of Lignin Using Ionic Liquids—An Innovative Strategy To Produce Renewable Chemicals

Châtel

Rogers

2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

315

280

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Lignin, one of the three subcomponents of lignocellulosic biomass (along with cellulose and hemicellulose), represents more than 20% of the total mass of the Earth’s biosphere. However, essentially due to its complex structure, this renewable polymer derived from biomass is mainly burned as a source of energy in the pulp and paper industry. Today, the valorization of lignin into the production of chemical feedstocks represents a real challenge in terms of both sustainability and environmental protection. This review first briefly outlines the main points of this challenge and compares the different methods investigated by chemists over the past several decades, pointing out the major difficulties met. Next, the review highlights the recent use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents that have provided some new opportunities to efficiently convert lignin and lignin model compounds into value-added aromatic chemicals. Particular focus is given to these new strategies in terms of selectivity, separation and the unique compounds obtained for the oxidation of lignin using ILs. Finally, an assessment of the challenges that must be resolved in order for ILs to become an eco-friendly way of producing chemicals from biomass, including lignin, is proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Oxidation of Lignin Using Ionic Liquids—An Innovative Strategy To Produce Renewable Chemicals

Châtel

Rogers

2013

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

315

280

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“…Lignocellulosic biomass remains an underutilized feedstock for renewable materials. As a chemically heterogeneous composite, it consists of three different kinds of polymers: two carbohydrates, hemicellulose and cellulose, and an aromatic one, lignin . The first and foremost challenge for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is its evolved resistance to degradation, known simply as recalcitrance, rendering component separation a demanding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a chemically heterogeneous composite, it consists of three different kinds of polymers: two carbohydrates, hemicellulose and cellulose, and an aromatic one, lignin. 21 The first and foremost challenge for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass is its evolved resistance to degradation, known simply as recalcitrance, rendering component separation a demanding process. A second challenge is to identify the molecular structures of the specific components of the complex heterogeneous material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Lignocellulosic Molecule Adsorption Structure Determination

Jestilä,

Wu,

Priante

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Theory Comput.

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Here, we present a study combining Bayesian optimization structural inference with the machine learning interatomic potential Neural Equivariant Interatomic Potential (NequIP) to accelerate and enable the study of the adsorption of the conformationally flexible lignocellulosic molecules β-d-xylose and 1,4-β-d-xylotetraose on a copper surface. The number of structure evaluations needed to map out the relevant potential energy surfaces are reduced by Bayesian optimization, while NequIP minimizes the time spent on each evaluation, ultimately resulting in cost-efficient and reliable sampling of large systems and configurational spaces. Although the applicability of Bayesian optimization for the conformational analysis of the more flexible xylotetraose molecule is restricted by the sample complexity bottleneck, the latter can be effectively bypassed with external conformer search tools, such as the Conformer-Rotamer Ensemble Sampling Tool, facilitating the subsequent lower-dimensional global minimum adsorption structure determination. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the described approach to find adsorption structures practically equivalent to the density functional theory counterparts at a fraction of the computational cost.

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“…26 Hydroxycinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acid are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from lignin and used as valuable synthons for the preparation of bisphenols and polymeric materials. [30][31][32] These a,b-unsaturated carboxylic acid functionalized phenols are ubiquitous components of the cell walls of plants and have previously been utilized to generate polymers with remarkable thermal properties, 33,34 biodegradability, 35,36 and liquid crystallinity. [36][37][38] Hydroxycinnamic acids can be efficiently extracted from woody biomass with purities of up to 99%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%