Ligophorus spp. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) parasitizing mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) occurring in the fresh and brackish waters of the Shatt Al-Arab River and Estuary in southern Iraq, with the description of Ligophorus sagmarius sp. n. from the greenback mullet Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes)

Kritsky, Delane C.; Khamees, Najim R.; Ali, Atheer H.

doi:10.1007/s00436-013-3594-x

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These are: 1-The marshy area (Al-Hammar marsh) north of Basrah. Only two reports are known on fish monogeneans from the brackish waters of Shatt Al-Arab estuary near Al-Fao town as well as the brackish waters of Shatt Al-Basrah canal (53,54).…”

Section: Results and Discussion Surveys Achieved On Monogeneans Of Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklists of Monogeneans of Freshwater and Marine Fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq

Mhaisen¹,

Ali²,

Khamees³

2013

BJAS

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The literature review on monogeneans of freshwater and marine fishes of Basrah province, Iraq indicated the presence of 54 monogenean taxa from 18 freshwater fish species, 11 marine fish species and five marine fish species entering fresh waters. Among these parasites, the monopisthocotyleans are represented with 26 valid species as well as eight parasites which were identified to the generic level only, while the polyopisthocotyleans are represented with 14 valid species as well as six parasites which were identified to the generic level only. The total number of monogenean species for each fish species ranged from a minimum of one parasite species in 11 fish hosts to a maximum of 14 parasite species in only one host (Silurus triostegus). The monogenean species richness ranged from their infection of one host in case of 33 monogenean species to the infection of 16 hosts in the case of the infection with Dactylogyrus vastator.

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Section: Results and Discussion Surveys Achieved On Monogeneans Of Fimentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklists of Monogeneans of Freshwater and Marine Fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq

Mhaisen¹,

Ali²,

Khamees³

2013

BJAS

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“…Ligophorus Euzet and Suriano, 1977 includes 60 valid species of monogeneans infecting the gills of grey mullets (Mugilidae) (Dmitrieva et al 2012;Soo and Lim, 2012, El Hafidi et al 2013aKritsky et al 2013;Sarabeev et al 2013;. Species of the genus are characterized by the combination of the following features: vas deferens on the left side not encircling the intestinal caeca; one prostatic reservoir; copulatory complex comprising a copulatory organ with bilobed base and accessory piece; a J -to U-shaped ovary, a vagina sclerotized or not; dorsal and ventral anchor/bar complex with seven pairs of hooks and bars dissimilar in shape, ventral bar with anteromedian protuberances (Sarabeev et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Species of Ligophorus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the gills of the Flathead Mullet Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugilidae) from Mexico

Rodríguez-González

Míguez-Lozano

Llopis‐Belenguer

et al. 2015

Acta Parasitologica

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A new monogenean species, Ligophorus yucatanensis n. sp. from the gills of the flathead mullet Mugil cephalus from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, is described. The new species can be differentiated from all other species of Ligophorus by the morphology of the accessory piece of the copulatory organ. Its main lobe is cylindrical, tunnelled expanded distally, slightly bowed with a characteristic membranous opening at level of medial bifurcation of the accessory piece, forming a thick-walled bulbshaped expansion that ends in a round labium. The secondary lobe is spatulate, straight, and shorter than the main lobe. In addition, the new species can be distinguished from other species by the morphology of the haptoral ventral bar, and the distal end of the vaginal duct. Furthermore the ventral anchors are shorter than those of all other species of Ligophorus reported in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. In addition, the zoogeographical records of Ligophorus spp. on the M. cephalus species complex are briefly reviewed and updated.

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“…For all 81 fish examined, the Ligophorus species found in M. buchanani were never observed in Liza subviridis, and vice versa. Thus, except for L. bantingensis, which was reported to be found in Liza abu and Liza klunzingeri (Kritsky et al, 2013), the other species were considered as specialists in the classical sense (Sasal et al 1999).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While within species shape variation in both ventral and dorsal anchors was large in some species (L. kedahensis, L. parvicopulatrix), it was limited in others (L. grandis, L. liewi). Interestingly, the generalist L. bantingensis, which has been reported to be found in two small fish hosts (Kritsky et al, 2013;FishBase Consortium, 2015): Liza abu (body length range: 12-15.5 cm) and Liza klunzingeri (body length range: 14-18cm), had the largest intraspecific shape variation in its ventral anchor, particularly in its root compartment (PC2). We tentatively assumed that the other 12 species were specialists as there are no other reports of them being found in hosts other than M. buchanani and Liza subviridis.…”

Section: Phenotypic Plasticity In Anchor Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hope the development of monogeneaGM will contribute to reducing the bottleneck for large scale data analysis of this genus. Indeed, as there has been a surge in systematic biology studies of Ligophorus in recent years (Abdallah et al, 2009;Blasco-Costa et al, 2012;Dmitrieva et al, 2012Dmitrieva et al, , 2013Lim, 2012, 2015;El Hafidi et al, 2013;Kritsky et al, 2013;Ozer and Kirca, 2013; PeerJ PrePrints | https://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.1283v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 4 Aug 2015, publ: 4 Aug 2015 PrePrints Sarabeev and Desdevises, 2014;, the analysis can only get more interesting as data from other species from other hosts in other geographical regions are added. We expect analysis tools in monogeneaGM to continue to evolve to handle complexities of data analysis when this happens.…”

Section: Outlook For Geometric Morphometric Analysis In Ligophorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 4: FIGURE S17 to S25

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Anchors are important attachment appendages that prevent the physical dislodging of a monogenean parasite from fish host gills. Common descent and evolutionary processes have left their mark on anchor morphometry, in the form of patterns of shape and size variation useful for systematic and evolutionary studies. We used a geometric morphometric approach to explore anchor shape variation in 13 Ligophorus (Monogenea:Ancyrocephalidae) species infecting two marine mugilid (Teleostei: Mugilidae) fish hosts (Moolgarda buchanani and Liza subviridis) in the waters off West Peninsular Malaysia. Molecular sequence data from three nuclear markers: 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA and ITS1, were used to infer a maximum likelihood phylogeny to enable visualization of shape evolution in phylomorphospace. For inferring patterns of size evolution in the phylogeny, we used a size measure based on the first principal component of all pairwise Euclidean distances between landmarks. Cluster heat map and principal component analysis showed that anchor shape variation had sufficient systematic information for delimiting 12 of the 13 species. Adams' multivariate K test indicated significant correlation between anchor shape and phylogeny (pvalue = 0.0001). We also discovered that characters based on anchor shaft shape, the length between inner and outer root tips and the length between inner root tip and the dent point were more phylogenetically informative than inner and outer lengths, as indicated by a maximum parsimony tree that was better resolved and had major clades congruent with those of the molecular phylogenetic tree. Continuous character mapping of size onto the inferred molecular phylogeny and Rayleigh's test for departure from directional uniformity in each species's landmark relative to the ancestor indicated that species infecting M. buchanani generally evolved larger and more robust anchors, while those infecting L. subviridis generally evolved smaller and more delicate anchors. Nevertheless, phylogenetic regression of anchor shape against body size and anchor size showed significant correlation (p-value =

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Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Checklists of Monogeneans of Freshwater and Marine Fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq

Checklists of Monogeneans of Freshwater and Marine Fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq

A New Species of Ligophorus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the gills of the Flathead Mullet Mugil cephalus (Teleostei: Mugilidae) from Mexico

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