2021
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720476
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“Like I’m Talking to a Real Person”: Exploring the Meaning of Transference for the Use and Design of AI-Based Applications in Psychotherapy

Abstract: AI-enabled virtual and robot therapy is increasingly being integrated into psychotherapeutic practice, supporting a host of emotional, cognitive, and social processes in the therapeutic encounter. Given the speed of research and development trajectories of AI-enabled applications in psychotherapy and the practice of mental healthcare, it is likely that therapeutic chatbots, avatars, and socially assistive devices will soon translate into clinical applications much more broadly. While AI applications offer many… Show more

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Cited by 23 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…(4) More Specific Design Strategies: Although the interaction design of social robots has accumulated a significant number of research findings, the current research is relatively scattered and has not yet formed a comprehensive design framework [70,104,105]. Taking the research on psychotherapy social robots as an example, the current research focuses on the acceptance, effectiveness, and feasibility of robot intervention, while the basic research related to the robot interaction design and the user's emotional experience is relatively lacking, and the mapping mechanism between the interaction design factors and the healing effect is unclear.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(4) More Specific Design Strategies: Although the interaction design of social robots has accumulated a significant number of research findings, the current research is relatively scattered and has not yet formed a comprehensive design framework [70,104,105]. Taking the research on psychotherapy social robots as an example, the current research focuses on the acceptance, effectiveness, and feasibility of robot intervention, while the basic research related to the robot interaction design and the user's emotional experience is relatively lacking, and the mapping mechanism between the interaction design factors and the healing effect is unclear.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…32 The role of transference has already been addressed as potentially problematic in the use of MHCBs as therapists. 33 Today, countertransference encompasses both conscious and unconscious, and both internal and external reactions of the therapist to the patient, based not only on the patient's transference but also on the therapist's own unresolved conflicts. 34 An important distinction between countertransference and therapist empathy is that empathetic feelings typically align with those of the other person, described as 'feeling as if'.…”
Section: Countertransference and Mental Health Chatbotsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is first and foremost an interpersonal relationship ( 30 , 45 , 94 , 95 ). This raises concerns regarding the possibility of fully fledged AI-based psychotherapy ( 26 , 28–30 , 45 , 96 ).…”
Section: The Problem Of a Non-human Therapistmentioning
confidence: 99%