Likely transmission of hepatitis C virus through sharing of cutting and perforating instruments in blood donors in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil

Filho, Aldemir Branco de Oliveira; Pimenta, Adriana do Socorro Coelho; Rojas, Márcia de Fátima Maciel de; Chagas, Márcia Cristina Munhoz; Crespo, Déborah; Crescente, José Ângelo Barletta; Lemos, José Alexandre Rodrigues de

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2010000400025

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…6 De Oliveira-Filho and others reported that the prevalence of HCV among blood donors in the Pará State was low (0.13%), but more positive cases detected with a higher frequency of genotype 1. 7 Our study showed a similar epidemiologic profile in northern Brazil, which indicated the need for public health programs for prevention and control of HCV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…3,4 The prevalence of HCV infection in northern Brazil differs among the states: 3.7% in Acre, 0.32% in Amazonas, and 0.13% in Pará . [5][6][7] Symptoms of chronic hepatitis C are mild, and in most cases, are non-existent or non-specific. 3,4 Cirrhosis develops in approximately 20 -30% of patients with chronic disease and liver cancer develops in 1-4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Invasive Assessment of Fibrosis Using Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil

Leão

Brock²,

Castilho³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The purpose of this study was to correlate morphologic and hemodynamic Doppler ultrasound findings as indicators of the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and to diagnose chronic vital hepatitis complications and progression. A prospective, descriptive study of a case series was conducted that analyzed Doppler ultrasound images of the liver and portal system and used the portal vein congestion index, hepatic and splenic artery impedance indices, and the liver vascular index. Of 50 patients positive for antibodies against hepatitis C virus, morphologic changes highlighted increased hepatic parenchyma echogenicity in 24%, and increased gall blander echogenicity and wall thickness in 4%. The most common hemodynamic changes observed were reduced flow velocity in the portal vein trunk in 26%, congestion index changes in 12%, liver vascular index changes in 16%, and splenic and hepatic artery impedance index changes in 14%. These indices were shown to be associated with alanine aminotransferase levels, which suggested that they are important liver damage indicators in the early phase of infection with hepatitis C virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Assessment of Fibrosis Using Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil

Leão

Brock²,

Castilho³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Confi dence intervals (CIs) were determined for infection prevalence estimates. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were calculated to assess the independent effects of variables 12 . The fi t of the fi nal model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fi t test.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Pacheco

Silva-Oliveira

Maradei-Pereira

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Illicit drug users (DUs) are vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The shared use of illicit drugs is the main method of HCV transmission. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Breves, in northern Brazil. We surveyed 187 DUs to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with HCV infection. Results: The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 36.9%, and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA) was 31%. Hepatitis C virus infection was associated with tattoos, intravenous drug use, shared use of equipment for drug use, drug use for longer than 3 years, and daily drug use. Conclusions: Strategies for preventing and controlling HCV transmission should be implemented among DUs.Keywords: Hepatitis C virus. Illicit drug users. Northern Brazil.Currently, the sharing of drug paraphernalia is the main transmission method for hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. It is estimated that more than 60% of new HCV infection cases recorded each year are related to the use of illicit drugs, particularly injected drugs 1,2 . In Brazil, epidemiological studies of HCV infection in illicit drug users are still rare. The prevalence of HCV infection in illicit drug users sampled in metropolitan areas in the Northeast, Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil ranged from 5% to 36% 3-7 . There are frequent reports of clinical cases of hepatitis or pathologies associated with HCV infection in other population groups in northern Brazil [8][9][10][11] . It is known that most illicit drug users in Pará do not consume injected drugs and are infected with HCV genotype 1 10,11 . This study estimated the prevalence of HCV infection and assessed the factors associated with HCV infection in illicit drug users in the municipality of Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil.This cross-sectional study of a non-probabilistic convenience sample was based on information and biological samples provided by illicit drug users in an area of intense illicit drug use located in Breves (01° 40' 55" S 50° 28' 48" O), Archipelago of Marajó, Pará, northern Brazil. Illicit drug users in areas of intense drug consumption were sampled using the snowball technique 11 . Individuals were eligible for the study if they were older than 17 years of age and agreed to answer a specifi c questionnaire and have a blood sample taken and tested for molecular and serologic markers in the period from August to All samples were tested for HCV antibodies and hepatitis C virus-ribonucleic acid (HCV-RNA). Anti-HCV antibodies were tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA; Murex anti-HCV 4.0, Murex Biotech). HCV RNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 67 base pairs of the 5' untranslated region (UTR), as described elsewhere 9 . Confi dence intervals (CIs) were determined for infection prevalence estimates. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were calculated to assess the independent effects of variables 12 . The fi t of the fi nal model was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-f...

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“…In Brazil, information about hepatitis C has become more accessible following the publication of several studies (Paltanim, Reiche, 2002;Zarife et al, 2006;Strazza et al, 2007;Fagundes et al, 2008;Gabe, Lara, 2008;Coelho et al, 2009; Ferrao et al, 2009;Mousquer, Castro, 2009;Silva et al, 2010;Oliveira-Filho et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2011). Fagundes et al (2008) found that 2.2% (10/457) of adults in Criciúma (Santa Catarina) were anti-HCV positive and that 1.53% (7/457) were HCV RNA-positive, but the study did not identify the HCV genotype (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted by Lopes et al (2009) with 691 drug users in Goiania and Campo Grande revealed a prevalence of 6.9%, with the greatest frequency of genotypes 1 (80.5%) and 3 (19.5%). Oliveira-Filho et al (2010) studied 256 blood donors in Pará, finding a prevalence of 45.3%, with unsafe injections, dental treatment, and sharing of razors as risk factors.Paltanim and Reiche (2002) found a seroprevalence of 0.9% (88/10,990) anti-HCV positive in blood donors from Paraná, but only 0.1% (11/10,990) were HCV-RNA positive, 0.13% (14/10,990) exhibited indeterminate results, and 0.003% (38/10,990) exhibited negative results. In 0.28% (25/88) of participants, confirmatory testing was not performed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C in prisoners and non-prisoners in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil

Falquetto

Endringer

Andrade

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The aim of the present work was to compare hepatitis C prevalence, genotypes, and risk factors between prisoners and non-prisoners in the city of Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil. This cross-sectional study involved approximately 1,600 residents and 730 prisoners, all of whom were living in Colatina. The percentage of individuals who tested positive for anti-HCV was 0.1% (2/1,600) in the non-prisoner group and 1.0% (7/730) in the prisoner group, confirming a higher risk of hepatitis C in the latter group. The percentage of subjects who progressed to HCV-RNA negative was 11.1% (1/9), confirming the high probability of evolution to chronicity. Genotype 1 was the most predominant genotype found. Factors associated with increased risk of hepatitis C were being male, being institutionalized, having an income of less than three minimum wages, having low educational attainment, and using injected drugs. Alcohol use, pain in the liver, migraine, and reported history of hepatitis were markedly associated with hepatitis C. The prison population tested positive for anti-HCV at a higher rate than the non-prison population.Uniterms: Hepatitis C/prevalence. Hepatitis C/genotypes. Hepatitis C/risk factors. Hepatitis C/symptoms. Anti-HCV. Prison population/risks evaluation.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a prevalência, os genótipos e fatores de risco da hepatite C entre a população em geral e os presos na cidade de Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brasil. O presente estudo é transversal e comparou cerca de 1.600 moradores e 730 prisioneiros, todos eles vivendo em Colatina. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-HCV positivo foi de 0,1% (2/1.600), na população em geral, e de 1,0% (7/730) entre os presos, o que confirma o elevado risco nesse grupo. A percentagem de indivíduos que apresentam RNA-HCV negativo foi de 11,1% (1/9), confirmando a alta taxa de evolução para a cronicidade. O genótipo predominante foi o I. Fatores associados ao aumento do risco de hepatite C foram do sexo masculino, sendo institucionalizado, com renda de até três salários mínimos, baixa escolaridade e uso de drogas injetáveis. O uso de álcool, dor no fígado, enxaqueca e relato de histórias de hepatite apresentaram associação significativa com a hepatite C. A população carcerária teve maiores taxas de positividade para o anti-HCV do que a população não-prisional pesquisada.Unitermos: Hepatite C./prevalência. Hepatite C./genótipos. Hepatite C./fatores de risco. Hepatitis C/ sintomas. Anti-HCV. População carcerária/avaliação de riscos. INTRODUCTIONViral hepatitis C, isolated from viral RNA, is a relatively recent discovery (Choo et al., 1989). It has been cited often as a major determinant of chronic liver disease (Martins, Schiavon, Schiavon, 2011) and as a worldwide public health concern (Sy, Jamal, 2006). In Brazil, certain infectious diseases must be reported to the government, which is responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with hepatitis B and C create the need for large inv...

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Likely transmission of hepatitis C virus through sharing of cutting and perforating instruments in blood donors in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Non-Invasive Assessment of Fibrosis Using Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil

Non-Invasive Assessment of Fibrosis Using Color Doppler Ultrasound in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus in the Amazon Rainforest, Brazil

Prevalence of HCV infection and associated factors among illicit drug users in Breves, State of Pará, northern Brazil

Hepatitis C in prisoners and non-prisoners in Colatina, Espírito Santo, Brazil

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