Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

Min, Sang‐Won; Whited, Jessica L.

doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102858

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Blastema formation is triggered by signals from surrounding tissues that induce the dedifferentiation of nearby cells into a proliferative and multipotent state. This organ is crucial for regeneration in axolotls, and because of that, is subject of a complex transcriptomic regulation (McCusker et al, 2015; Min & Whited, 2023). Employing next-generation RNA sequencing, we conducted differential expression analysis between blastemas and juvenile limbs, comparing our results to a previously published dataset to identify shared expression patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Proteins for Regeneration inA. mexicanum: Transcriptomic Insights from Aged and Juvenile Limbs

del Moral-Morales,

Sámano,

Ocampo-Cervantes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The axolotl is an animal with remarkable regenerative abilities, making it an ideal model for studying potential regenerative therapies in mammals, including humans. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in regeneration remain unclear. We conducted a transcriptomic analysis of juvenile axolotls’ limbs and their blastema and compared the results with aged axolotls that failed to regenerate after amputation. We identified a set of genes involved in cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, cartilage development, bone morphogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Four highly expressed genes (FSTL1, ADAMTS17, GPX7, andCTHRC1) were identified in regenerating tissue, but underexpressed in aged axolotls. Structural and homology analysis showed that these genes are conserved and have important roles in development, bone morphogenesis, and cartilage formation. Our findings propose a novel set of axolotl genes involved in tissue regeneration that could be a starting point for further studies in other vertebrates.Graphical abstract

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Proteins for Regeneration inA. mexicanum: Transcriptomic Insights from Aged and Juvenile Limbs

del Moral-Morales,

Sámano,

Ocampo-Cervantes

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…These progenitor cells may originate from stem cells or by dedifferentiation. Epigenetic regulation controls both wound epidermis formation without scarring and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 1, 7, 8 . Together, the activated cells accumulated at the tip of the stump give rise to highly proliferative blastema cells 1, 7, 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Microbiome Changes in Axolotl Limb Regeneration: Stage-Specific Restructuring of Bacterial and Fungal Communities with aFlavobacteriumBloom During Blastema Proliferation

Altın,

Delice,

Yıldırım

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The intricate relationship between regeneration and microbiota has recently gained attention, spanning diverse model organisms. Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a critically endangered salamander species and a model organism for regenerative and developmental biology. Despite its significance, a noticeable gap exists in understanding the interplay between axolotl regeneration and its microbiome. Here, we analyze in depth bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon dataset that we reported before as data resource and profile fungal community by sequencing ITS amplicons at the critical stages of limb regeneration (0-1-4-7-30-60 days post amputation, dpa). Results reveal a decline in richness and evenness in the course of limb regeneration, with bacterial community richness recovering beyond 30 dpa unlike fungi community. Beta diversity analysis reveals precise restructuring of the bacterial community along the three phases of limb regeneration, contrasting with less congruent changes in the fungal community. Temporal dynamics of the bacterial community highlight prevalent anaerobic bacteria in initiation phase and Flavobacterium bloom in the early phase correlating with limb blastema proliferation. Predicted functional analysis mirrors these shifts, emphasizing a transition from amino acid metabolism to lipid metabolism control. Fungal communities shift from Blastomycota to Ascomycota dominance in the late regeneration stage. Our findings provide ecologically relevant insights into stage specific role of microbiome contributions to axolotl limb regeneration.

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“…These studies have uncovered various mechanisms that regeneration-competent species exhibit to regenerate tissues, entire organs, body parts, and in some cases complete bodies. Key findings include the discovery of essential processes, such as the formation of a blastema – a mass of proliferating cells that plays a crucial role in regenerating the lost structure (Min and Whited, 2023; Poleo et al, 2001; Santos-Ruiz et al, 2002; Seifert and Muneoka, 2018; Stocum, 2004; Zenjari et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-cell RNA sequencing of the holothurian regenerating intestine reveals the pluripotency of the coelomic epithelium

Medina-Feliciano,

Valentín-Tirado,

Luna-Martínez

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In holothurians, the regenerative process following evisceration involves the development of a “rudiment” or “anlage” at the injured end of the mesentery. This regenerating anlage plays a pivotal role in the formation of a new intestine. Despite its significance, our understanding of the molecular characteristics inherent to the constituent cells of this structure has remained limited. To address this gap, we employed state-of-the-art scRNA-seq and HCR-FISH analyses to discern the distinct cellular populations associated with the regeneration anlage. Through this approach, we successfully identified thirteen distinct cell clusters. Among these, two clusters exhibit characteristics consistent with putative mesenchymal cells, while another four show features akin to coelomocyte cell populations. The remaining seven cell clusters collectively form a large group encompassing the coelomic epithelium of the regenerating anlage and mesentery. Within this large group of clusters, we recognized previously documented cell populations such as muscle precursors, neuroepithelial cells and actively proliferating cells. Strikingly, our analysis provides data for identifying at least four other cellular populations that we define as the precursor cells of the growing anlage. Consequently, our findings strengthen the hypothesis that the coelomic epithelium of the anlage is a pluripotent tissue that gives rise to diverse cell types of the regenerating intestinal organ. Moreover, our results provide the initial view into the transcriptomic analysis of cell populations responsible for the amazing regenerative capabilities of echinoderms.

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Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

Cited by 15 publications

References 141 publications

Key Proteins for Regeneration inA. mexicanum: Transcriptomic Insights from Aged and Juvenile Limbs

Key Proteins for Regeneration inA. mexicanum: Transcriptomic Insights from Aged and Juvenile Limbs

Temporal Microbiome Changes in Axolotl Limb Regeneration: Stage-Specific Restructuring of Bacterial and Fungal Communities with aFlavobacteriumBloom During Blastema Proliferation

Single-cell RNA sequencing of the holothurian regenerating intestine reveals the pluripotency of the coelomic epithelium

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