Limb regeneration in larvae and metamorphosing individuals of the South African clawed toad

Dent, James Norman

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051100105

Cited by 282 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…4A; reviewed in Suzuki et al, 2006). These hypomorphic spikes are equivalent to the structures regenerated in postmetamorphic (froglet) Xenopus hindlimbs, originally described by Dent (1962). Despite the apparent lack of pattern in the regenerates,…”

Section: Froglet Forelimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Regeneration of the limb buds is most successful during the early stages of limb differentiation and then declines as metamorphosis proceeds (Dent, 1962). The ontogenic decline begins in st. 53 hindlimbs and generally results in a progressive failure to regenerate toes, starting with the most anterior toe (Dent, 1962;Muneoka et al, 1986). A normal Xenopus hindlimb has five toes, and the anterior three toes (digits I, II, and III) have claws on the distal tip.…”

Section: Tadpole Hindlimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3C), there is very little to no regeneration ability left and amputated limbs either heal the wound without any visible regeneration or form a small spike. After metamorphosis, froglet hindlimbs regain some capacity of regeneration and form hypomorphic spikes, containing mainly cartilage and skin similar to forelimb regenerates in froglets (Dent, 1962).…”

Section: Tadpole Hindlimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can cause problems when analysing results from potential gain and loss of function experiments. In the classical studies, toe regeneration is reported to rapidly fall off between stages 55 and 57 (Dent 1962, Muneoka 1986) but the number of toes recovered at earlier stages varies from report to report, possibly due to the different levels of amputation used (distal femur in Dent, wrist in Muneoka). Xenopus are not inbred lab strains, and so genetic variation may influence regenerative success.…”

Section: Box 2: Variation In Regenerative Success Of Tadpole Hindlimbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanisms

Beck

Belmonte

Christen

2009

Developmental Dynamics

150

139

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While Xenopus is a well-known model system for early vertebrate development, in recent years, it has also emerged as a leading model for regeneration research. As an anuran amphibian, Xenopus laevis can regenerate the larval tail and limb by means of the formation of a proliferating blastema, the lens of the eye by transdifferentiation of nearby tissues, and also exhibits a partial regeneration of the postmetamorphic froglet forelimb. With the availability of inducible transgenic techniques for Xenopus, recent experiments are beginning to address the functional role of genes in the process of regeneration. The use of soluble inhibitors has also been very successful in this model. Using the more traditional advantages of Xenopus, others are providing important lineage data on the origin of the cells that make up the tissues of the regenerate. Finally, transcriptome analyses of regenerating tissues seek to identify the genes and cellular processes that enable successful regeneration.

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Section: Froglet Forelimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Tadpole Hindlimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tadpole Hindlimb Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Box 2: Variation In Regenerative Success Of Tadpole Hindlimbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanisms

Beck

Belmonte

Christen

2009

Developmental Dynamics

150

139

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“…(2000) demonstrated that mesenchymal Fgf10 maintains Fgf8 expression by the AEC in regenerating Xenopus limb buds, and vice versa. Xenopus limbs lose the power of regeneration as they differentiate and form a blastema of fibroblast‐like cells (Dent, 1962; Van Stone, 1964). This loss is accompanied by a loss of Fgf10 expression by the fibroblastema and loss of Fgf8 expression by the AEC (Yokoyama et al., 2000) due to changes in the limb bud cells related to their differentiation (Filoni, Bernardini, & Cannata, 1991; Sessions & Bryant, 1988).…”

Section: Blastema Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Stocum

2017

Regeneration

109

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This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self‐organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?

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Nerve-independence of limb regeneration in larvalXenopus laevis is related to the presence of mitogenic factors in early limb tissues

et al. 1999

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Limb regeneration in larvae and metamorphosing individuals of the South African clawed toad

Cited by 282 publications

References 20 publications

Beyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanisms

Beyond early development: Xenopus as an emerging model for the study of regenerative mechanisms

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Nerve-independence of limb regeneration in larvalXenopus laevis is related to the presence of mitogenic factors in early limb tissues

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