Lime-based injection grouts for the conservation of architectural surfaces

Influence of superplasticizer, temperature, resting time and injection pressure on hydraulic lime grout injectability. Correlation analysis between fresh grout parameters and grout injectability

“…In the case of change of SP dosage, the degree of dispersion (it is dependent of SP dosage) determines the water retention capacity since it allows more particles to be wetted and therefore more water is absorbed on the particles surface and less water is free to bleed [11]. As observed in Fig.…”

“…In the literature, it is generally measured by various types of flow cone, of which the Marsh cone is the most frequently mentioned method [11,3,33,40,41,8]. According to ASTM C939-02 the grout fluidity is related to the measurement of the flow time within the cone.…”

Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair

“…Injectability of a grouting mixture in a capillary network under predefined pressure is defined by the distance traveled by the grout as a function of time according to EN 1771. In this work, (according to the recommendations reported in Evaluation of Lime-Based Hydraulic Injection Grouts for the Conservation of Architectural Surfaces [43]), the material suggested in the standard for achieving a flow into a 0.2 mm crack in concrete is replaced by crushed travertine with grain sizes of 2-4 mm, a size that simulates an approximately 0.3-0.6 mm crack width. Each grout was prepared by mixing for exactly 3 min, using the same procedure adopted in the fluidity tests.…”

Evaluation of the grout injectability and types of resistance to grout flow

“…Thus, it should be underlined the importance of selecting appropriate raw materials for the grout composition, taking into account the properties of the masonry to be injected. For this reason, hydraulic lime was the binder chosen instead of the cement [9,10].…”