Lime-based injection grouts with reduced water content: An assessment of the effects of the water-reducing agents ovalbumin and ethanol on the mineralogical evolution and properties of grouts

Pasian, Chiara; Secco, Michele; Piqué, Francesca; Artioli, Gilberto; Rickerby, Stephen; Cather, Sharon

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2017.10.003

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One of the most widely used methods addressed to repair different masonry defects and cavities in the preservation of the Built Heritage is the injection of grouts [1][2][3]. Grouts, fluid mixtures made of water, binder and additives, must properly flow-under an appropriate pressure-into a masonry wall in a fresh state [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the experimental procedure to develop air lime-based injection grouts, including polymeric superplasticizers, a water repellent agent and pozzolanic agents as additives. Our research focuses on the development of grouts to improve various characteristics simultaneously by combining different additions and admixtures. Aiming to improve the injectability of the grouts, in this study, different polymeric superplasticizers were added, namely polycarboxylated-ether derivative (PCE), polynaphthalene sulfonate (PNS) and condensate of melamine-formaldehyde sulfonate (SMFC). As a water-repellent agent, sodium oleate was used to reduce the water absorption. The enhancement of the strength and setting time was intended by using microsilica and metakaolin as pozzolanic mineral additions. Compatibility between the different admixtures and action mechanism of the different polymers were studied by means of zeta potential and adsorption isotherms measurements. Diverse grout mixtures were produced and investigated by assessing their injectability, fluidity, stability, compressive strength, hydrophobicity and durability. This research led to several suitable mixtures produced by using more than one component, to enhance efficiency and to provide better performance of grouts. According to the results, the grout composed of air lime, metakaolin, sodium oleate and PCE was found to be the most effective composition, improving the mechanical strength, injectability and hydrophobicity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair

et al. 2020

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“…The types of fillers used for such purpose are mineral materials with high porosity and water absorption, such as pumice, perlite and expanded glass or clay aggregate [ 2 , 3 ], and glass microspheres [ 4 , 5 ]. Very often, however, a composite filler—a mixture of pumice and glass microspheres—is used in conservation practice [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Rousset et al [ 9 ] reported that injection grout, prepared using a hydrated lime binder and glass microspheres as filler, possessed lower shrinkage and good adhesion. In Pasian et al [ 8 ], microstructural analyses of the grout, based on slaked lime, pumice powder, and glass microspheres, showed the presence of hydraulic components on the microspheres’ surface; a result of the pozzolanic reaction. Additionally, it was evident from the backscattered electron images of the cross sections and broken sections that some glass microspheres in the studied grouts were broken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ultralight Filler on the Properties of Hydrated Lime Injection Grout for the Consolidation of Detached Historic Decorative Plasters

Padovnik

Bokan-Bosiljkov

2020

Materials

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Injection-grout density is an important parameter when its additional weight leads to consolidated decorative plasters becoming damaged. This is especially evident in larger detached areas. In this study, thin-walled soda–lime–borosilicate glass microspheres were used as a density-reducing constituent in hydrated lime grout mixtures. The normal density grout composition—one volume part hydrated lime and three volume parts inert limestone filler with 0.5% of the polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticiser—was modified with partial substitution of the limestone filler with lightweight glass microspheres. The following volumetric proportions between limestone filler and glass microspheres were used: 100%:0%, 67%:33%, 50%:50%, 33%:67%, and 0%:100%. With the increase of the glass microspheres’ volume, the density of the grout is gradually reduced. Furthermore, there is a decrease in the stability and injectability of fresh grout. In its hardened state, the grout’s strength again reduces gradually, but there is no significant change in the grout’s water absorption and water-vapour resistance. The resistance of the grout to freezing–thawing and heating–cooling cycles using distilled water or salt solution is highly improved when the microspheres are present.

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“…Researchers have carried out a series of studies on grouting materials [7][8][9], grouting mechanism, and fluid flow [10,11] against seepage through indoor experiments and theoretical analysis. In particular, Warner et al [12] used compaction grouting to mitigate the sinkholes at WAC Bennett dam, showing satisfactory reinforcement effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Reinforcement and Lapping Effect of Fracture Grouting in Yellow River Embankment

et al. 2018

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Fracture grouting has been a mitigation measure widely used against seepage in the Yellow River Embankment. However, there is currently a lack of systematic investigations studying the anti-seepage effect of the fracture grouting employed in this longest river embankment in China. Therefore, in this work, laboratory and in situ experiments are carried out to investigate the reinforcement effect of fracture grouting in the Jinan section of the Yellow River Embankment. In particular, laboratory tests concentrate on studying the optimum strength improvement for cement-silicate grout by varying the content of backfilled fly ash and bentonite as admixtures. Mechanical strength and Scanning Electron Microscope photographs are investigated for assessing the strength and compactness improvement. Subsequently, based on the obtained optimum admixtures content, in situ grouting tests are carried out in the Jinan section of the Yellow River Embankment to evaluate the reinforcement and lapping effect of fracture grouting veins, where geophysical prospecting and pit prospecting methods are employed. Laboratory results show that, compared with pure cement-silicate grouts, the gelation time of the improved slurry is longer and gelation time increases as fly ash content increases. The optimum mixing proportion of the compound cement-silicate grout is 70% cement, 25% fly ash, and 5% bentonite, and the best volume ratio is 2 for the investigated cases. Geophysical prospecting including the ground penetrating radar and high-density resistivity method can reflect the lapping effect of fracture grouting veins on site. It shows that the grouting material mainly flows along the axial direction of the embankment. The treatment used to generate directional fracture is proved to be effective. The injection hole interval distance is suggested to be 1.2 m, where the lapping effect of the grouting veins is relatively significant. For the investigated cases, the average thickness of the grouting veins is approximately 6.0 cm and the corresponding permeability coefficient is averagely 1.6 × 10 −6 cm/s, which meets the anti-seepage criterion in practice.

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Lime-based injection grouts with reduced water content: An assessment of the effects of the water-reducing agents ovalbumin and ethanol on the mineralogical evolution and properties of grouts

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair

Combination of Polymeric Superplasticizers, Water Repellents and Pozzolanic Agents to Improve Air Lime-Based Grouts for Historic Masonry Repair

Effect of Ultralight Filler on the Properties of Hydrated Lime Injection Grout for the Consolidation of Detached Historic Decorative Plasters

Investigation on Reinforcement and Lapping Effect of Fracture Grouting in Yellow River Embankment

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