Lime-Based Mortars: Viability for Use as Substitution Renders in Historical Buildings

Veiga, Rosário; Fragata, Ana; Velosa, A. L.; Magalhães, Ana Cristian; Margalha, Goreti

doi:10.1080/15583050902914678

Cited by 105 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…According to the data of Figure 6 some conclusions are ascertained in terms of the mechanical behavior of the earth render of tabique building components. The inclusion of a hydraulic binder tends to increase the mechanical behavior of the earth render, as also evidenced in other studies, e.g., Livesey (2002) and Veiga et al (2010). In fact, Mixes 4, 5, and 6 have higher compressive and flexural strengths than Mixes 1, 2, and 3.…”

Section: Flexural and Compressive Strengthssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…For example, stone, timber, earth, sand, clay, cork, and bamboo (Bui et al, 2009;Brás, Gonçalves, and Faustino 2014;Cherki et al 2014;Ciancio, Jaquin, and Walker 2013;Escamilla and Habert 2014;Feio et al 2013;Hendry 2001;Silva et al 2013) are some traditional building materials that match these requirements. Taking into account that traditional building techniques apply these types of materials, focusing on their study may result in improving the knowledge related to the application of these building materials (Coroado et al 2010;Veiga et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earth-based Render of Tabique Walls – An Experimental Work Contribution

Pinto

Cunha

Soares

et al. 2016

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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A research work focused on studying earth render for tabique application purposes is presented. Initially, a brief description of the tabique building technique is provided. The relevance of the application of this traditional building technique is also highlighted. Different compositions of earth render are experimentally analyzed and the respective performance is evaluated. Flexural and compressive strengths, workability, drying shrinkage cracking, and water resistance are the material properties assessed. A simple earth render is selected as being adequate for tabique building applications and it is applied on the manufacturing of a tabique wall sample. This wall sample is monitored in terms of thermal insulation ability and its thermal transmission coefficient is estimated. Taking into account that there is still a lack of published technical information related to this topic, this article may contribute to solve this limitation and to give some guidance in future repairing processes of tabique construction. The technological benefit of adding lime or cement with earth is researched. Real tabique timber structure samples are applied in order to validate the obtained experimental results. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Flexural and Compressive Strengthssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth-based Render of Tabique Walls – An Experimental Work Contribution

Pinto

Cunha

Soares

et al. 2016

International Journal of Architectural Heritage

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“…The mortar CS30_FS15_PCM30 is the only that does not meet this range; such a low Ed may be justified by micro-cracking that may have occurred. Comparing the mechanical properties obtained in the present study with the range established by Veiga et al (2010) for plastering mortars to assure compatibility with historic masonry, it is possible to conclude that the mortars with PCM and air lime do not meet requirements for dynamic elasticity modulus and flexural strength defined by the researchers, while mortars with addition of air lime do not meet the compressive strength requirements. All the other tested mortars comply with the range defined for plasters for historic masonry (Veiga et al, 2010).…”

Section: Mechanical and Mineralogical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 53%

Production of eco-efficient earth-based plasters: Influence of composition on physical performance and bio-susceptibility

Santos

Nunes

2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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An experimental campaign was developed to evaluate the properties of earth plastering mortars, not only at the level of workability and physic-mechanical performance but also their susceptibility for biological colonization. A ready-mixed earth mortar and several other mortars formulated with a raw clayish earth were produced. The influence of partial replacement of fine sand by a phase change material (PCM) and the addition of low amounts of oat fibres and hydrated air lime were assessed. The experimental campaign shows that the PCM completely changes the mortar workability, with a decrease on wet density. The addition of PCM and fibres decreases the bulk density and, consequently, increases the porosity of the mortars. The presence of PCM, fibres and air lime decreases the thermal conductivity. Earth mortars are susceptible to mould 2 development, and the fibres or PCM seem to intensify their bio-susceptibility. A low addition of air lime increases pH and inhibits fungal growth though decreasing the mechanical properties. Mortars with PCM, fibres and air lime present a higher surface roughness in comparison to other mortars, including the ready-mixed earth mortar with fibres. Surface roughness was found to be an important factor influencing the level of colonization.

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“…The angular surfaces of the ceramic sanitary and marble waste particles may lead, on the one hand, to a better cohesion between the air lime mortar materials and, on the other hand, to some pozzolanic reaction that might occur between the lime and the surface of the ceramic particles and the high CaCO 3 content obtained in the chemical composition of marble, as has been suggested by other researchers (Böke et al , 2006; Matias et al , 2014; Tunc, 2019). Therefore, the studies on air lime mortars with waste aggregates replacement are mechanically adequate and such mortars can be regarded as efficient air lime mortars for use in the conservation of old buildings (Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al , 2005; Li et al , 2019; Böke et al , 2006; Veiga et al , 2010).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization by mixture design approach

Abadou

Ghrieb

Bustamante³

et al. 2020

JEDT

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to fit an appropriate mathematical model to express response variables as functions of the proportions of the mixture components. One purpose of statistical modeling in a mixture experiment is to model the blending surface such that predictions of the response for any mixture component, singly or in combination, can be made empirically. Testing of the model adequacy will also be an important part of the statistical procedure. Design/methodology/approach A series of mortar using air lime, marble and ceramic sanitary waste aggregates were prepared for statistically designed combinations. The combinations were designed based on the mixture-design concept of design of experiments; this mortar is often used as a filler material in restoration projects. The aim of this work is to find an optimal composition of a paste for the manufacture of air lime mortar with ceramic and marble waste. This investigation aims to recommend mix design for air lime-based mortar, by optimizing the input combination for different properties, and to predict properties such as mechanical strength, thermogravimetric and x-ray diffraction analysis with a high degree of accuracy, based on a statistical analysis of experimental data. Findings This paper discusses those mortar properties that architects, contractors and owners consider important. For each of these properties, the influence of ceramic and marble waste in the air lime mortar is explored. The flexibility of lime-based mortars with waste materials to meet a wide range of needs in both new construction and restoration of masonry projects is demonstrated. Originality/value The objective of the present investigation is to recommend mixture design for air lime mortar with waste, by optimizing the input combination for different properties, and to predict properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength with a high degree of accuracy, based on the statistical analysis of experimental data. The authors conducted a mixture design study that takes into account dependent parameters such as the constituents of our air lime-based mortar where we have determined an experiment matrix to which we have connected the two responses, namely, compressive and flexural strength. By introducing the desirability criteria of these two responses, using JMP software, we were able to obtain a mixture optimal for air lime mortar with ceramic and marble waste.

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Lime-Based Mortars: Viability for Use as Substitution Renders in Historical Buildings

Cited by 105 publications

References 9 publications

Earth-based Render of Tabique Walls – An Experimental Work Contribution

Earth-based Render of Tabique Walls – An Experimental Work Contribution

Production of eco-efficient earth-based plasters: Influence of composition on physical performance and bio-susceptibility

Optimization by mixture design approach

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