Limit analysis of shallow tunnels collapse problem with optimized solution

Liang, Jiayun; Cui, Jie; Lu, Yan; Li, Yadong; Shan, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.apm.2022.03.044

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The limit analysis method is a commonly used theoretical method for estimating the stability of surrounding rock (Leca and Dormieux, 1990;Senent and Jimenez, 2015;Fernández et al, 2021). For instance, Fraldi and Guarracino (2009) obtained the critical pressure of roof collapse of deepburied rectangular cavity based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and limit analysis method, based on which Liang et al (2022) proposed the expression of incomplete collapse curve of shallow rectangular tunnel by using the limit analysis considering the problem with variable endpoint. Park and Michalowski (2020) applied the limit analysis method to extend the two-dimensional (2D) tunnel collapse model to the three-dimensional (3D) circular tunnel model by adopting the parameter form of Hoek-Brown criterion and put forward three quantitative safety evaluation measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandy aquifer collapse mechanism and accident treatment of the Qingdao metro tunnel

Zhang,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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The tunnel collapse occurred during the construction of the Qingdao Metro Line Ⅰ, resulting in a pit measuring approximately 10 m in diameter and 7 m in depth on the ground surface. The collapse inflicted substantial economic losses, casualties, and subsequent disruptions to ongoing construction activities. To clarify the causes of this collapse and investigate the underlying factors, a comprehensive approach combining field surveys and numerical simulations was undertaken. The results show that the collapse was primarily attributed to inadequate support when facing the challenging geological conditions, poor surrounding rocks (Grade VI) and a high volume of groundwater. The combination of abundant water and sand seeped into the tunnel, culminating in a catastrophic ground collapse. Notably, the arch roof experienced extensive deformation and damage due to the significant seepage pressure, which was exacerbated by the absence of timely support. Then, ground grouting was promptly conducted to repair the affected area and reinforce the tunnel structure. Subsequent monitoring of surface deformations following the resumption of tunneling operations indicated the effectiveness of the disaster treatment approach. These achievements constitute a reliable theoretical foundation for similar projects, particularly in terms of environmental protection and ensuring safe construction practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandy aquifer collapse mechanism and accident treatment of the Qingdao metro tunnel

Zhang,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…However, it is usually difficult for countries such as Japan and China to develop underground tunnel projects, as they will undergo adverse geological conditions, such as earthquakes, liquefaction, and creep [4][5][6][7]. As a result, the damage to tunnels due to the seismic action will include tunnel lining deformation, tunnel entrance crack, and other types of damages [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The actual mechanism of the soil and rock are far more complicated than the understanding [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Mechanical Evaluation of Grouting Concrete as a Protective Layer for Tunnelling

Wan

Huang³

et al. 2023

Materials

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The aim of this study is to introduce a protective layer to safeguard tunnel structures. In practice, one viable approach to create this protective layer between the tunnel structure and surrounding rocks is to pump the material during tunnel construction. The primary components of the proposed material are porous sand, rubber, and cement. Static and dynamic experiments were conducted to assess the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), flexural stiffness, and compaction resistance at various mixing ratios. The results indicate that the addition of porous sand decreases the UCS compared to the solid sand under similar mixing conditions. The addition of rubber offers the elasticity, thereby enhancing the compaction resistance. However, increasing the rubber content compromises UCS. Furthermore, this study presents a linear equation to predict the 7-day UCS, which can be used as a rapid estimation for UCS, flexural stiffness, and compaction resistance of the proposed material. It is important to note that this study only investigates the fundamental mechanical properties of the proposed material, and further comprehensive research is necessary to fully understand its workability, durability, and other behaviour before practical application.

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“…[ 1 , 7 , 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. There is no doubt that these studies have made a significant contribution to knowledge, but practical problems such as tunnel segments floating in the grouting materials, low resilience to earthquakes, and metro lines causing vibration of the structure have not been solved [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Workability Characterization of Innovative Rubber Concrete as a Grouting Material

Liu²,

Zhang

et al. 2022

Materials

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The aim of this study is to assess the workability of an innovative rubber concrete to fill in the gaps in a shield tunnel construction. This grouting material includes porous sand, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) fiber, cement, and rubber. One advantage of the material is its high toughness, which is good for the postfailure stage of an earthquake event. Evaluations were carried out on the physical properties in terms of the slurry density, consistency, fluidity, bleeding rate, consolidation shrinkage rate, setting time, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) (i.e., 3 and 28 days). The toughness index was also introduced to evaluate the performance at the postfailure stage. The results demonstrate that the toughness index will increase as the rubber content increases. It increases from 1.0 at 0% to 1.7 at 80% rubber content (28 days’ curing) and from 1.2 at 0% to 2.2 at 80% rubber content (3 days’ curing). The increase in fiber content and fiber length will also increase the toughness index as the fiber will enhance the tensile strength of the matrix. The results show that when the fiber content increases from 0% to 1%, the toughness index increases from 1 to 7 (28 days’ curing) and from 1.1 to 10 (3 days’ curing). Similarly, if the fiber content or fiber length is above the optimum level, the UCS of the material will be compromised. The optimum fiber content is 0.8%, and the optimum fiber length is 6 mm to 9 mm. This study suggests that the balance of physical properties should be considered in designing a satisfactory grouting material based on the specific purpose of the engineering practice.

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Limit analysis of shallow tunnels collapse problem with optimized solution

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Sandy aquifer collapse mechanism and accident treatment of the Qingdao metro tunnel

Sandy aquifer collapse mechanism and accident treatment of the Qingdao metro tunnel

Preliminary Mechanical Evaluation of Grouting Concrete as a Protective Layer for Tunnelling

A Workability Characterization of Innovative Rubber Concrete as a Grouting Material

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