Limit cycles of discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems formed by centers or Hamiltonian without equilibria separated by irreducible cubics

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to provide the maximum number of crossing limit cycles of two different families of discontinuous piecewise linear differential systems. More precisely we prove that the systems formed by two regions, where, in one region we define a linear center and in the second region we define a Hamiltonian system without equilibria can exhibit three crossing limit cycles having two or four intersection points with the cubic of separation. After we prove that the systems formed by three regions, where, in two noadjacent regions we define a Hamiltonian system without equilibria, and in the third region we define a center, can exhibit six crossing limit cycles having four and two simultaneously intersection points with the cubic of separation.