Limitations in the use of intelligence test performance to detect mental disturbance.

Magaret, Ann; Wright, Charlotte A.

doi:10.1037/h0059047

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Gilliland (12) found the average score of schizophrenics on the "picture completion" test to be among their highest, while Magaret (10) and we found it to be among the lowest average scores. Magaret (10) found "similarities" to score relatively low for her schizophrenic group, while Gilliland (12) and we found it to be among the highest scores.…”

Section: Problems Of Research and Results Of Psychological Testscontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…The theoretical significance of such patterns, of course, must follow from a set of hypotheses concerning the functions involved in the various subtests. Some such hypotheses have been referred to in a paper on which one of the authors (9,10), in her most recent papers, used "deviation scores" which are similar to our "mean scatter. "* Her results are in agreement with ours in that they show schizophrenics to have much greater dispersal from their average subtest score than have the normals.…”

Section: Specific Scattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Scatter: In Diagnostic Intelligence Testing

Schafer

Rapaport

1944

Journal of Personality

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It has long been tacitly assumed that a psychologically meaningful interpretation of intelligence-test results depends on presupposing some sort of "uniform development" of the different functions involved in the passing of the various test items. An unevenness of functioning, as indicated by the test, then becomes the basis for interpreting the test results as indicating "retardation," "impairment," or "deterioration." Unfortunately, the test most widely used clinically-the Stanford-Binet-is a test which hardly lends itself to such treatment because of the great variety of tasks included in it without regard to their psychological significance. Attempts may be made, as for instance the recent one by Roe and Shakow (1), to give structure to the test by a logical grouping of the items into categories according to their psychological meaning. The results reached by the excellent and meticulous treatment of Roe and Shakow are based in large part on these particular groupings of varied items, and other investigator* with different experience and ideas might well be unsatisfied with some of the groupings.Clinical psychologists who used the test, and were interested in the problem of equal and unequal efficiency pf the functions involved in the solving of different items of the test, were forced to turn to the analysis of "passes" and "failures" on each year level as the basis for clinical inferences. This distribution of "passes" and "failures" was referred to as scatter or range, and various measures were devised to indicate the extent of scatter. Harris and Shakow •The data referred to in this paper are part of the results of an extensive investigation evaluating a wide variety of clinical testing procedures. This investigation was sponsored jointly by the Josiah Macy Junior Foundation and the Menninger Foundation.Dr. Merton M. Gill, psychiatrist at the Menninger Clinic, is responsible for the final classification of cases used in this study, and also for the psychiatric examination and classification of our control subjects. Acknowledgment is also due Miss Suzanne Reichard, M.A., who assisted in the collection and organization of the data for this research.

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Section: Problems Of Research and Results Of Psychological Testscontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Specific Scattermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Scatter: In Diagnostic Intelligence Testing

Schafer

Rapaport

1944

Journal of Personality

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“…2 Published with permission of the Chief Medical Director, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans Administration, who assumes no responsibility for the opinions expressed or the conclusions drawn by this author. 3 Now at University of Connecticut.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T HIS STUDY represents an attempt to analyze the performance of schizophrenics on the Wechsler-Bellevue Adult Intelligence Scale in terms of possible group psychometric patterns. Such previous investigators as Gilliland, Wittman and Goldman [1], Magaret [2,3], Rabin [4,5], Rapaport [7] and Wechsler [8] have used different methods of analysis with similar subjects and have reported somewhat divergent findings. Since various patterns have been offered for possible diagnostic purposes, such an evaluation was deemed to have both practical and theoretical significance.…”

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confidence: 99%

A preliminary appraisal of Wechsler-Bellevue scatter patterns in schizophrenia.

Garfield¹

1948

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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“…Marked increase in age reduces the test differences. In a followup of this study, reported in the Journal of Applied Psychology, Magaret, jointly with Clare Wright [31], attempted to evaluate some of the more common cues which psychologists use to diagnose mental disturbance on standardized psychometric instruments. Using 40 morons, 80 schizophrenics, and data on 210 controls, all aged 30-39, and employing the Wechsler Bellevue (11 tests), they found that only three of the common cues differentiate schizophrenics and morons from the controls.…”

Section: Mental Tests In Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in clinical psychology.

Krugman¹

1944

Journal of Consulting Psychology

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BY MORRIS KRUGMAN' BUREAU OF CHILD GUIDANCE, BOARD OP EDUCATION, NEW YORK CITV T WO general trends have been noticeable in the field of clinical psychology during the war period: on the one hand there is a.sharp curtailment in research and experimentation on new clinical techniques; at the same time, there is a tremendous spurt in experimentation with, and utilization of, group techniques, screening devices, and other short, effective procedures. This is exactly what happened during the last war, when the Army Alpha and Army Beta Examinations were developed. This time, however, there is a greater variety of techniques, a wider acceptance of clinical psychology, and a much greater number of trained psychologists to apply these techniques in the numerous areas directly or indirectly related to the war. USE OP PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS IN THE ARMED SERVICESHardly any aspect of new developments in clinical psychology can be mentioned today that is not somehow associated with the war. Whether the item is an individual or a group intelligence test, an aptitude test, a screening device for personality disorders, or a protective technique, one or more branches of the armed forces is certain to have developed or utilized it. In scanning the psychological literature of the past two years, this fact became more and more evident.

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Limitations in the use of intelligence test performance to detect mental disturbance.

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

The Scatter: In Diagnostic Intelligence Testing

The Scatter: In Diagnostic Intelligence Testing

A preliminary appraisal of Wechsler-Bellevue scatter patterns in schizophrenia.

Recent developments in clinical psychology.

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