Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs

Sciutto, Edda; Martínez, José Juan Morenilla; Villalobos, Nelly; Hernández, Marisela; José, Marco V.; Beltrán, Carmen; Rodarte, F.; Flores, Iván; Bobadilla, Juan R.; Fragoso, Gladis; Parkhouse, Michael; Harrison, L.J.S.; Aluja, Aline S. de

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(98)00180-0

Cited by 90 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the other hand, the estimate of the specificity of the method is high but less than 100%, as was described in other reports (Dorny et al, 2004;Phiri et al, 2006). These estimates underline the difficulty to perform such an inspection in the field and to standardize its protocol, depending on the experience of the executor and on the intensity of infection in the population tested (Sciutto et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…The presence of HP10 T. saginata metacestode antigen in the serum of the study pigs was detected using the specific McAb HP10-based ELISA capture assay (HP10 Ag-ELISA) (Harrison et al, 1989) with slight modification as described by Sciutto et al (1998) and Harrison et al (2005), and employing Streptavidin Peroxidase (Pierce Ltd., 0.1 mg/ml), followed by tetramethylbenzidine liquid substrate (Sigma Ltd.) as the indicator system. ELISA plates were routinely set-up to include six duplicate positive and six duplicate negative controls and four diluent controls, while each test sample was run in duplicate.…”

Section: Serodiagnostic Testing 231 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Krecek

Michael

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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The pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, causative organism of porcine cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis is known to occur in areas of South Africa including Eastern Cape Province but, despite increasing reports of its occurrence throughout the subregion, the prevalence is yet to be clearly established. The parasite presents a potentially serious agricultural problem and public health risk in endemic areas. The human populations considered to be at highest risk of infection with this zoonotic helminth are people living in rural areas most of whom earn their livelihood wholly or partially through livestock rearing. Here we report on initial results of a community-based study of pigs owned by resourcepoor, emerging pig producers from 21 villages in the Eastern Cape Province. Lingual examination (tongue palpation) in live pigs, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which detect parasite antigen (B158/B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) assay, which detects antiparasite antibody, were used to verify endemicity and estimate apparent prevalence. In the absence of a gold standard true prevalence was obtained, using a Bayesian approach, with a model that uses both available data and prior information. Results indicate that the parasite is indeed present in the study villages and that true prevalence was 64.6%. The apparent prevalences as measured by each of the four tests were: 11.9% for lingual examination, 54.8% for B158/B60 Ag-ELISA, 40.6% for HP10 Ag-ELISA and 33.3% for EITB. This base-line knowledge of the prevalence of T. solium in pigs provides information essential to the design and monitoring of sustainable and appropriate interventions for cysticercosis prevention and control. AbstractThe pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, causative organism of porcine cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis is known to occur in areas of South Africa including Eastern Cape Province but, despite increasing reports of its occurrence throughout the subregion, the prevalence is yet to be clearly established. The parasite presents a potentially serious agricultural problem and public health risk in endemic areas. The human populations considered to be at highest risk of infection with this zoonotic helminth are people living in rural areas most of whom earn their livelihood wholly or partially through livestock rearing. Here we report on initial results of a community-based study of pigs owned by resource-poor, emerging pig producers from 21 villages in the Eastern Cape Province. Lingual examination (tongue palpation) in live pigs, two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which detect parasite antigen (B158/B60 Ag-ELISA and HP10 Ag-ELISA) and an enzyme immunotransfer blot (EITB) assay, which detects antiparasite antibody, were used to verify endemicity and estimate apparent prevalence. In the absence of a gold standard true prevalence was obtained, using a Bayesian approach, with a model that uses both available data and prior information. Results indicate that the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Serodiagnostic Testing 231 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Krecek

Michael

et al. 2008

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…38 Tongue-positive pigs more likely represent a heavily infected subgroup since in field settings, most infected pigs have less than 10 cysts in the entire carcass. 39 As much as it is known, most humans with NCC have no evidence of viable muscle cysts by the time of diagnosis (although a significant proportion will have muscle calcifications). 40 From the above reasons, it follows that antigen levels in tongue positive pigs are likely higher than those in humans with parenchymal NCC and consequently changes detected in this model may not be so easy to determine in clinical cases of parenchymal NCC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Successful Antiparasitic Treatment for Cysticercosis is Associated with a Fast and Marked Reduction of Circulating Antigen Levels in a Naturally Infected Pig Model

González

Bustos

Garcı́a

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Taenia solium cysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of humans and pigs. We evaluated the posttreatment evolution of circulating parasite-specific antigen titers in 693 consecutive blood samples from 50 naturally infected cysticercotic pigs, which received different regimes of antiparasitic drugs (N = 39, 7 groups), prednisone (N = 5), or controls (N = 6). Samples were collected from baseline to week 10 after treatment, when pigs were euthanized and carefully dissected at necropsy. Antigen levels decreased proportionally to the efficacy of treatment and correlated with the remaining viable cysts at necropsy (Pearson's p = 0.67, P = 0.000). A decrease of 5 times in antigen levels (logarithmic scale) compared with baseline was found in 20/26 pigs free of cysts at necropsy, compared with 1/24 of those who had persisting viable cysts (odds ratio [OR] = 76.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8

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“…The sensitivity of detecting T. solium cysts at slaughter can be variable and estimates range from 20% to 60%, 26,49,50 but specificity has been estimated to be 100%. 26 Bayesian approaches have been applied to model true prevalence of T. solium cysticercosis in the face of imperfect tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a genuine need for a robust, cheap, sensitive, specific, validated, and readily available test that can differentiate Taenia species in pigs. 1,49 Similarly, improved tests for sensitive and specific detection of human T. solium taeniasis cases are required, and these tests are currently being developed and validated, 53 but validation in multiple populations around the world should be a priority.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Sectional Study of Taenia solium in a Multiple Taeniid-Endemic Region Reveals Competition May be Protective

Conlan¹,

Vongxay²,

Khamlome³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We conducted cross-sectional surveys for taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans, pigs, and dogs in four northern provinces of Laos. Human cysticercosis and taeniasis prevalence was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.0%) and 8.4% (95% CI = 6.9-9.9%), respectively. Eating uncooked beef, being male, province of residence, age, and ethnicity were significant risk factors for taeniasis and only province of residence was a significant risk factor for cystiercosis. Thirty-five human tapeworms were recovered during the survey and 33 (94.3%) and 2 (5.7%) were identified as Taenia saginata and T. solium, respectively. Maximum-likelihood adjusted prevalence of T. solium and T. hydatigena in pigs was 4.2% (95% CI = 0.5-7.9%) and 55.9% (95% CI = 47.5-64.3%), respectively, and T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs was 4.8% (95% CI = 0.0 -11.3%). Taenia hydatigena and T. saginata were the most prevalent taeniids in the respective pig and human populations and together may suppress T. solium transmission.

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Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine from a community-based study in 21 villages of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Successful Antiparasitic Treatment for Cysticercosis is Associated with a Fast and Marked Reduction of Circulating Antigen Levels in a Naturally Infected Pig Model

A Cross-Sectional Study of Taenia solium in a Multiple Taeniid-Endemic Region Reveals Competition May be Protective

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