Limited Area Flame Spectrometry. Chemiluminescence.

Oxyhydrogen flame excitation of refractory elements

“…The favored mechanisms, however, all require the presence of carbon species in the flame, suggesting that any flame with adequate populations of these species would produce the desired result. Support for this was obtained for the oxyhydrogen flame fed with organic solutions when Buell (4) and Fassel et al (7) observed atomic spectra of several elements of high boiling point. Although high analytical sensitivity was not apparent in these reports, they did indicate that organically supported oxyhydrogen flames might produce analytically useful atomic spectra of many elements not normally excited in this flame.…”

The Hydrocarbon-induced Fluorescence of Atoms in Flames

“…In the outer zone the emission arises from atoms previously excited either thermally or by the reactions (1) H + H + M + M * + H z and H + O H + M -+ M * + H Z O the energy limit of excitation being determined by the exothermicity of the latter process, 5.2 eV. The spectrum observed in the primary reaction zone is commonly more extensive, including emissions from much higher energy levels, the extreme case being a zinc level at 9.0 eV (2). Since these emissions arise from the region of the flame defined by the blue and green emissions from C H and C,, it may be assumed that the energy for the atomic excitation arises in the oxidation of these, or similar, hydrocarbon species.…”

Rapid combustion method for the determination of sulfur in nickel-, iron-, and copper-blase alloys

“…The combustion technique is generally regarded as convenient for the separation of sulfur from all types of steels, irons, copper-and nickel-base alloys, and other materials which can be burned in a stream of oxygen. After the separation, sulfur can be determined spectrophotometrically (1)(2)(3), coulometrically (4,5), or titrated with potassium iodate or sodium borate (6,7). The photometric iodate titration method is widely used, particularly in the steel industry, because of its simplicity and wide applicability.…”