Limited dispersal and geographic barriers cause population differentiation and structuring in<i>Begonia maxwelliana</i>at both large and small scales

Chan, Y.M.; Tnah, Lee Hong; Lee, Soon Leong; Bhassu, Subha; Lee, Chai Ting; Chua, L. S. L.

doi:10.1080/17550874.2018.1471625

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Analyses of EST-SSR (Tables 2 and 3) and cpDNA sequences (Tables 2, 3 and 4) indicated a high level of genetic differentiation and apparent substructure in B. luzhaiensis (Fig. 3), suggesting restricted gene flow among isolated populations, as documented in previous studies of Begonia (Matolweni et al 2000; Hughes and Hollingsworth 2008; Nakamura et al 2014; Twyford et al 2014; Chan et al 2018; Li et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure

Tseng

Huang

et al. 2019

Bot Stud

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Background Sino-Vietnamese limestone karsts (SVLK) are a biodiversity hotspot rich in endemic plant species associated with caves and cave-like microhabitats. Based on phylogenetic studies of Begonia sect. Coelocentrum , a species-rich and characteristic SVLK clade, geographic isolation caused by extensive and continuous karstification was proposed as the major driving force triggering population diversification and geographic speciation. To test this proposition, population genetics and phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis were investigated using EST-SSR markers and the chloroplast trnC - ycf6 intergenic spacer. Results F statistics, Bayesian clustering analysis, AMOVA, and PCoA of both data sets all indicated substantial population differentiation and significant isolation by distance. Nested clade phylogeographic analyses inferred that historical fragmentations have been prominent, congruent with Guangxi’s geohistory of karstification as well as suggesting a mountain chain in northeastern Guangxi could have also acted as a major geographic barrier. A Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) indicated a slight decline in effective population size at 75,000 years ago (75 Kya), coinciding with the last glacial period during which the increased aridity in East Asia had retarded karstification, negatively affecting the populations of B. luzhaiensis . However, BSP detected a continuous and further population decline until the present time even though summer monsoons have resumed since the end of the last glacial maximum. Conclusions The microevolution patterns of B. luzhaiensis support that limited gene flow would have greatly enhanced the effects of random genetic drift and has been a major factor promoting diversification in Begonia , highly congruent with previous proposition. Based our study, we further propose that the arrival of Paleolithic Homo sapiens whose activities centered around limestone caves could have had further impacts on the populations of B. luzhaiensis , resulting in additional population decline. Further habitat destruction could have resulted from the transition from hunter gathering to food-producing societies ca. 20–10 Kya and the development of agriculture ca. 10 Kya in South China. Implications of the current study for SVLK plant conservation are also discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40529-019-0267-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure

Tseng

Huang

et al. 2019

Bot Stud

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“…Genetic data were analysed using GenAlEx 6.5 to estimate the genetic diversity parameters. The same parameters for B. maxwelliana have been reported in Chan et al (2018) and are compared here with those of B. herveyana.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The higher levels of genetic diversity in B. maxwelliana could have been responsible for its occurrence in more diverse habitats such as lowland and highland niches compared with B. herveyana which is confined to lowland area. However, B. maxwelliana remains geographically endemic, which could be caused by limited seed dispersal through ballistic force (Chan et al 2018). Begonia herveyana has the same mode of dispersal (Kiew 2005) but when coupled with low genetic diversity, it could have been less able to adapt to different habitats outside its range, causing it to be a narrow endemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA was extracted either from silica-dried (0.05 g) or fresh (0.1 g) leaves following a modified protocol for DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN), using twice the recommended amount of buffers AP1 and AP2. Sixteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for multiplex genotyping as described in Chan et al (2018). Genetic data were analysed using GenAlEx 6.5 to estimate the genetic diversity parameters.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seeds were incubated on moist sphagnum moss in petri dishes at room temperature (26-29 °C). Seedlings were harvested after 4 weeks, and DNA samples were extracted following the modified CTAB miniprep protocols (Chan et al 2018). We used five microsatellite markers developed in Chan et al (2015) and Chan et al (2018) for multiplex genotyping, namely, BV05, BV03, BV54, BV28 and BV68.…”

Section: Mating Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding rarity in a narrow endemic begonia through biological comparison with a common species

Chan¹,

Chua²,

Lee³

et al. 2019

JTFS

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Rare endemics usually have high risk of threats and extinction and often require conservation urgency. Hence, understanding the causes and consequences of rarity is the basis for sound conservation efforts. Here, we compare the reproductive fecundity, mating system, morphological traits, demography, microclimate and genetic diversity between a rare (Begonia herveyana) and a common (B. maxwelliana) herbaceous congener to investigate whether these attributes contribute to rarity in Begonia. The reproductive fecundity, mating system, microclimate and demographic structure of both species were similar and thus, did not explain well the causes of rarity. Both species recorded fruit sets of 55-67%, adopted a mixed-mating system with outcrossing rates of approximately 90%, established at microsites of high humidity and low light intensity, and showed a J-shaped demographic structure. However, both species differed in plant size and the level of genetic diversity. The plant size was bigger in B. maxwelliana and the genetic diversity of B. herveyana (H E = 0.113) was lower than that of B. maxwelliana (H E = 0.415). Rarity in B. herveyana could possibly be explained by the low level of genetic diversity, population decline and limited dispersal.

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Towards zero extinction—A case study focusing on the plant genus Begonia in Thailand

Radbouchoom,

delos Angeles,

Phutthai

et al. 2024

Integrative Conservation

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Plant species with small habitat ranges and specific edaphic requirements are highly vulnerable to extinction and thus require enhanced attention in biodiversity conservation. This study was designed to explore the challenges of protecting such plant species by evaluating the in situ and ex situ conservation capacities available for Thailand's species of the mega‐diverse plant genus Begonia L. A comprehensive assessment of occurrence records across the country was conducted to evaluate the spatial distribution of Begonia diversity in Thailand, identify biodiversity hotspots, assess the extinction threats faced by the 60 Begonia species known in the country, and identify existing conservation capacities and potential gaps. The results show that 78% of Begonia species in Thailand are vulnerable to extinction, with the Northern floristic region identified as both a Begonia species hotspot and a region with major conservation gaps. While in situ conservation efforts have been successful in covering over 88% of the species, they have failed to provide the protection required to achieve zero extinction. Ex situ conservation capacities are poorly developed, with only 13% of species present in botanical gardens, and no seed banking or other related activities have been initiated. This evaluation presents a sharply contrasting message: on one hand, Thailand has assembled substantial capacities to protect these plants through established national parks and other protected areas, but on the other hand, essential capacities are still lacking to render the zero extinction target achievable. We advocate for the implementation of a multi‐component conservation strategy to enable Thailand to move towards zero species extinction, even for plant species with narrow habitat ranges and high edaphic specialisation.

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Limited dispersal and geographic barriers cause population differentiation and structuring inBegonia maxwellianaat both large and small scales

Cited by 11 publications

References 64 publications

Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure

Phylogeography of Begonia luzhaiensis suggests both natural and anthropogenic causes for the marked population genetic structure

Understanding rarity in a narrow endemic begonia through biological comparison with a common species

Towards zero extinction—A case study focusing on the plant genus Begonia in Thailand

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