Limited effectiveness of over-the-counter plant preparations used for the treatment of urinary tract infections as inhibitors of the urease activity from<i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i>

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) supplementation to sow performance, nutrients digestibility and ammonia emission of manure. Total 80 sows were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed with either control, control + 0.06% YSE, control + 0.12% YSE or control + 0.24% YSE diet from day 80 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. The results showed that dietary YSE supplementation resulted in trends toward a reduced number of stillbirth piglets (P = 0.08), weak piglets (P = 0.06), pre-weanling mortality (P = 0.04) and diarrhea (P = 0.03), and improved apparent digestibility of dry matter (P = 0.04). Besides, YSE supplementation significantly increased catalase activity (P = 0.02) while decreasing malonaldehyde levels (P = 0.04) in sow blood. Furthermore, the loss of total nitrogen, urea nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in sow manure were significantly reduced with supplementation of YSE. In summary, supplementation of YSE in sow diet during late gestation and lactation could improve sow and litter performance, nutrient digestibility, and reduce nitrogen loss in sow manure during storage.

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“…Urease activity measurements in fresh feces were measured within 2 days using the indophenol blue colorimetry method described previously ( 13 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Yucca schidigera Extract Supplementation During Late Gestating and Lactating Sows Improves Animal Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Ammonia Emission

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The current percentage of approved antibacterial compounds from medicinal plants does not accurately reflect the potential of these compounds for future applications as antimicrobial therapies. Indeed, there are some inherent challenges regarding the use of plant natural extracts as antimicrobial pharmaceuticals: Recent studies have shown that medicinal plant compounds should be used with caution in the absence of accurate evidence of their effectiveness [ 189 ]. Well-controlled, double-blind toxicological and clinical studies to prove their efficacy and safety are rare [ 190 ].…”

Section: Challenges Surrounding Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives

et al. 2021

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The increasing incidence of drug- resistant pathogens raises an urgent need to identify and isolate new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using standardized modern analytical procedures. Medicinal plant-derived compounds could provide novel straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived components, their possible mechanisms of action, as well as their chemical potential. The focus is put on the current challenges and future perspectives surrounding medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. There are some inherent challenges regarding medicinal plant extracts and their antimicrobial efficacy. Appropriate and optimized extraction methodology plant species dependent leads to upgraded and selective extracted compounds. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the determination of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts may show variations in obtained results. Moreover, there are several difficulties and problems that need to be overcome for the development of new antimicrobials from plant extracts, while efforts have been made to enhance the antimicrobial activity of chemical compounds. Research on the mechanisms of action, interplay with other substances, and the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profile of the medicinal plant extracts should be given high priority to characterize them as potential antimicrobial agents.

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“…In previous studies, we grew S. saprophyticus in an artificial urine medium and tested the effects of various compounds on the increase in pH that can occur as a result of urease activity. We found that some chemical inhibitors such as fluorofamide and acetohydroxamic acid and some over‐the‐counter products such as green tea extract could delay the increase in pH; however, others such as catechin had no effect (Loes et al ; Deutch ). S. saprophyticus was grown in an artificial urine medium without or with 10% (v/v) DMSO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These preparations contain inhibitors with diverse chemical structures (Modolo et al ; Hassan and Zemlička ), which have been incorporated into several commercial products (Albrecht et al ; Naber ). Some caution is necessary in using these products, however, because the urease from S. saprophyticus does not contain cysteine and is insensitive to many inhibitory compounds (Schäfer and Kaltwasser ; Jose et al ; Kuroda et al ; Loes et al ; Deutch ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of urease activity in the urinary tract pathogensStaphylococcus saprophyticusandProteus mirabilisby dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

Deutch¹

2020

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: Urease is a virulence factor for the urinary tract pathogens Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Proteus mirabilis. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is structurally similar to urea, used as a solvent for urease inhibitors, and an effective treatment for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). The aims of this study were to test DMSO as a urease inhibitor and determine its physiological effects on S. saprophyticus and P. mirabilis. Methods and Results: Urease activity in extracts and whole cells was measured by the formation of ammonium ions. Urease was highly sensitive to noncompetitive inhibition by DMSO (K i about 6 mmol l À1 ). DMSO inhibited urease activity in whole cells, limited bacterial growth in media containing urea, and slowed the increase in pH which occurred in artificial urine medium. Conclusions: DMSO should be used with caution as a solvent when testing plant extracts or other potential urease inhibitors. Because it can inhibit bacterial growth and delay an increase in pH, it may be an effective treatment for urinary tract infections. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first detailed study of the inhibition of urease by DMSO. Dimethylsulfoxide may be used to treat urinary tract infections that are resistant to antibiotics or herbal remedies.

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Limited effectiveness of over-the-counter plant preparations used for the treatment of urinary tract infections as inhibitors of the urease activity fromStaphylococcus saprophyticus

Abstract: While over-the-counter plant preparations may be considered an alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of UTIs, they should be used with caution and a product should be matched to the properties of the virulence factors of the bacterial pathogen involved.

Cited by 11 publications

References 50 publications

Dietary Yucca schidigera Extract Supplementation During Late Gestating and Lactating Sows Improves Animal Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Ammonia Emission

Dietary Yucca schidigera Extract Supplementation During Late Gestating and Lactating Sows Improves Animal Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Ammonia Emission

Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives

Inhibition of urease activity in the urinary tract pathogensStaphylococcus saprophyticusandProteus mirabilisby dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)

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