Limited evidence of intercontinental dispersal of avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 by migratory birds

Abstract

Avian paramyxovirus serotype 4 (APMV-4) is a single stranded RNA virus that has most often been isolated from waterfowl. Limited information has been reported regarding the prevalence, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of AMPV-4. To assess the intercontinental dispersal of this viral agent, we sequenced the fusion gene of 58 APMV-4 isolates collected in the United States, Japan and the Ukraine and compared them to all available sequences on GenBank. With only a single exception the phylogenetic clades of APMV-4 sequences were monophyletic with respect their continents of origin (North America, Asia and Europe). Thus, we detected limited evidence for recent intercontinental dispersal of APMV-4 in this study.

Complete Genome Sequence of an Avian Paramyxovirus Type 4 Strain Isolated from Domestic Duck at a Live Bird Market in South Korea

“…The amino acid sequence identities of the N-P-M-F-HN-L proteins between the South Korean LBM strain and Hong Kong (prototype) strain are 95.2%, 93.7%, 94.8%, 95.6%, 94.6%, and 94.9%, respectively. The fusion protein of the South Korean LBM strain has the same sequence of cleavage site (DIQPR↓F) that all other strains previously reported elsewhere have ( 10 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 16 ).…”

“…EU877976) and 11 partial gene sequences ( 3 , 7 – 11 ) of South Korean isolates. Genome analyses suggest that APMV-4 strains are potentially divided into two lineages, the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere (EH) lineages, with genetic distances between and within lineages ( 11 , 12 ), forming five major clades ( 13 ). All of previous South Korean strains were isolated from wild waterfowls and involved the EH lineage within at least two clade genetic subgroups ( 3 , 12 ).…”

Phylogenetic analysis of avian paramyxoviruses 1 isolated in Taiwan from 2010 to 2018 and evidence for their intercontinental dispersal by migratory birds

“…In a study of fusion protein gene sequences of two sub-genotypes of class II APMV-1 strains isolated from wild birds in Eurasia and North America, evidence of intercontinental dispersal by wild birds has been found [19]. The phylogentic study for global APMV-4 isolates presented limited evidence for historical viral movement between continents [20]. Phylogenetic network analysis also supported the introduction of Asia-origin clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 avian influenza viruses into North America via intercontinental associations of waterfowl [11].…”

Dispersal and Transmission of Avian Paramyxovirus Serotype 4 among Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry

“…In 1975, APMV-4/duck/Hong Kong/D3/75 became the first APMV-4 strain to be isolated in Hong Kong from a duck (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978 ). Wild birds, particularly waterfowl, are known reservoirs and important carriers of APMV-4 (Stanislawek et al, 2002 ; Karamendin et al, 2016b ; Reeves et al, 2016 ). Meanwhile, many APMV-4 strains also have been isolated from domestic poultry, such as ducks and geese (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978 ; Wang et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Meanwhile, many APMV-4 strains also have been isolated from domestic poultry, such as ducks and geese (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978 ; Wang et al, 2013 ). Very little is known about the dispersal and transmission of APMV-4 strains among wild and domestic birds, although they have been isolated worldwide (Shortridge and Alexander, 1978 ; Jeon et al, 2008 ; Nayak et al, 2008 ; Abolnik et al, 2012 ; Choi et al, 2013 ; Nayak et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2013 ; Muzyka et al, 2014 ; Karamendin et al, 2016a ; Reeves et al, 2016 ; Figure 1 ).…”