Limited genetic covariance between autistic traits and intelligence: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

Hoekstra, Rosa A.; Happé, Francesca; Baron‐Cohen, Simon; Ronald, Angelica

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31066

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Average range is defined as two standard deviations either side of the mean, so this would mean an IQ of over 70. Further, it has been shown that IQ and autistic traits show limited genetic covariance [55]. It is therefore reasonable to infer that IQ differences are unlikely to confound the conclusions drawn from the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Genetic variation in GABRB3 is associated with Asperger syndrome and multiple endophenotypes relevant to autism

2013

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BackgroundAutism spectrum conditions (ASC) are associated with deficits in social interaction and communication, alongside repetitive, restricted, and stereotyped behavior. ASC is highly heritable. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic system has been associated consistently with atypicalities in autism, in both genetic association and expression studies. A key component of the GABA-ergic system is encoded by the GABRB3 gene, which has been previously implicated both in ASC and in individual differences in empathy.MethodsIn this study, 45 genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within GABRB3 were tested for association with Asperger syndrome (AS), and related quantitative traits measured through the following tests: the Empathy Quotient (EQ), the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Systemizing Quotient-Revised (SQ-R), the Embedded Figures Test (EFT), the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), and the Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Two-loci, three-loci, four-loci haplotype analyses, and one seven-loci haplotype analysis were also performed in the AS case–control sample.ResultsThree SNPs (rs7180158, rs7165604, rs12593579) were significantly associated with AS, and two SNPs (rs9806546, rs11636966) were significantly associated with EQ. Two SNP-SNP pairs, rs12438141-rs1035751 and rs12438141-rs7179514, showed significant association with variation in the EFT scores. One SNP-SNP pair, rs7174437-rs1863455, was significantly associated with variation in the MRT scores. Additionally, a few haplotypes, including a 19 kb genomic region that formed a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block in our sample and contained several nominally significant SNPs, were found to be significantly associated with AS.ConclusionThe current study confirms the role of GABRB3 as an important candidate gene in both ASC and normative variation in related endophenotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Genetic variation in GABRB3 is associated with Asperger syndrome and multiple endophenotypes relevant to autism

2013

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“…A previous study has found a modest negative correlation between autistic traits and IQ (r= -.27), which was mainly explained by communication problems (Hoekstra, Happé, Baron-Cohen & Ronald, 2010). However, the authors stress that autistic traits and IQ are mostly independent.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

The Relationship between Sensory Sensitivity and Autistic Traits in the General Population

Robertson

Simmons

2012

J Autism Dev Disord

363

377

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“…Since the study was conducted online, we were unable to assess IQ. Previous studies have found that there is a negative correlation between autistic traits and IQ (r= -.27) (Hoekstra, Happé, Baron-Cohen & Ronald, 2010).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population

2017

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Objective: ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be viewed as the extreme end of traits found in the general population. Clinical and genetic studies suggest that ADHD and ASD often co-occur and share genetic susceptibility. The aim of this study was to examine co-occurrence of ADHD and ASD traits in the general population. Method: In total, 334 participants were recruited from a population-based sample. Four questionnaires assessing current and retrospective ADHD and ASD traits were administered online: the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist, the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-25), the Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Results: A significant correlation was found between ADHD and autistic traits. In particular, higher inattention and overall ADHD scores were associated with self-reported deficits in communication and social skills. Conclusion: Our findings are similar to results from studies on clinical populations, suggesting that ADHD and ASD might share common etiology.

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Limited genetic covariance between autistic traits and intelligence: Findings from a longitudinal twin study

Cited by 34 publications

References 52 publications

Genetic variation in GABRB3 is associated with Asperger syndrome and multiple endophenotypes relevant to autism

Genetic variation in GABRB3 is associated with Asperger syndrome and multiple endophenotypes relevant to autism

The Relationship between Sensory Sensitivity and Autistic Traits in the General Population

Co-Occurrence of ASD and ADHD Traits in an Adult Population

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