Limites e potencialidades da formação profissional para o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes

Abstract

Introduction: In Chile, 71% of children are victims of some type of violence by their parents. Health professionals are in a privileged position to be able to recognize early the dynamics of the production of domestic violence, however, they usually are not really efficient recognizing violence abuse in children during routine health control. Additionally, research about this problem is scarce. Objectives: Understanding the limits and potential of health professional training in confrontation of violence against children and adolescents. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive, longitudinal research of qualitative and quantitative approach, carried out in a Chilean Catholic University. The theoretical-methodological referential chosen was the hermeneutic-dialectic method. The capturing and interpretation of objective reality was carried out in the structural, particular and singular dimensions through the collection of national and international documents. Five interdisciplinary focus groups were carried out whose participants were: teachers, students and key agents linked in their work process to childhood, family or society. A textual analysis using IRAMUTEQ software was performed followed by an analysis of the content using as complement the WebQDA software and finally a hermeneutic-dialectical analysis. Results: The limits and potentialities of professional trainingin the confrontation of child abuse in the structural, particular and singular dimensions are recognized. The ideological and idealist elements of the current economic and political system, which overlap the best interests of children in Chile, stand out as a limitation. At a particular level, we observe a tendency of universities to a productivist logic that generates potential for attrition in teachers and students. In this regard the Catholic ideology could help overcoming this bias, focusing in its mission on the protection of the people. At a singular level, training for the confrontation of child violence is precarious, highlighting the normalization and invisibilization of violence by professionals. Highlights potential such as: the development of Social Work, ethical training, the promotion of good treatment and prevention of abuse. Teachers propose strategies for overcoming the identified limitations by proposing changes in training. Conclusion: The synergy of the three dimensions is recognized from the needs of the market, in conjunction with the sanitary goals of the country, which will determine the productive processes, the organization of professional training, so that professionals will respond to these requirements. The competences and contents explicit in the curriculum will depend on the historical and cultural situation of the country, so it is a transitory and unfinished construction. Potential elements of overcoming the critical emancipatory pedagogy, which guide the training by competences; development of interdisciplinary competences for the coping, incorporating the sociological categories: gender, generation, social classes and r...