Limiting the public cost of stationary battery deployment by combining applications

Stephan, Annegret; Battke, Benedikt; Beuse, Martin; Clausdeinken, J. H.; Schmidt, Tobias S.

doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.79

Cited by 132 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, it is suggested that benefit-stacking, the provision of multiple services simultaneously, can make EES competitive at 650 US$/kWh 4 . Our analysis indicates this price threshold could be achieved once 7 GWh of redox-flow or 33 GWh of utility-scale Li-ion systems have been deployed (central ER), which according to market growth assumptions could be by 2019 and 2023.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cumulative investment to achieve cost reductions The cumulative investment required to deploy EES is of interest to academics, industry and policy 4,19 . By linking product prices to cumulative capacity, experience curves offer the possibility to quantify this 8,20,32 .…”

Section: Timeframe Of Potential Cost Reductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can increase investor confidence and enable policymakers to design suitable deployment strategies 4 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A lack of open data to project storage costs currently necessitates incorporating wide cost ranges 1 , using cost projections of electric vehicle (EV) battery packs for stationary applications 4,5 or excluding storage from studies of future electricity systems 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

et al. 2017

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Electrical energy storage could play a pivotal role in future low-carbon electricity systems, balancing inflexible or intermittent supply with demand. Cost projections are important for understanding this role, but data are scarce and uncertain. Here, we construct experience curves to project future prices for 11 electrical energy storage technologies. We find that, regardless of technology, capital costs are on a trajectory towards US$340±60/kWh for installed stationary systems and US$175±25/kWh for battery packs once 1 TWh of capacity is installed for each technology. Bottom-up assessment of material and production costs indicates this price range is not infeasible. Cumulative investments of $175-510bn would be needed for any technology to reach 1 TWh deployment, which could be achieved by 2027-2040 based on market growth projections. We then explore how the derived rates of future cost reduction influence when storage becomes economically competitive in transport and residential applications. Thus, our experience curve dataset removes a barrier for further study by industry, policymakers and academics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Timeframe Of Potential Cost Reductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can increase investor confidence and enable policymakers to design suitable deployment strategies 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

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“…It remains free until March. We also looked at issues of battery safety 1 , gas storage 2 , and hydrogen generation 3 , as well as considering possible investment routes for stationary storage technologies 4 . As commercial home storage continues to expand, this topic remains of high interest and we anticipate more research on the science and social impacts of storage to appear in the near future.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2017

Nat Energy

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Progress and Trends in Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

Shen

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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that equipping Al negative electrode with decent positive electrodes, operable separator and excellent electrolyte to achieve transformation reversibly is an issue.Al-based batteries have been researched for more than 160 years, [20] including Al-air batteries and rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs). The RABs can be divided into aqueous RABs and nonaqueous RABs according to the type of the electrolyte. Considering the low cyclic stability and inferior performance of the Al-air batteries [21] and the narrow potential window of the aqueous RABs [22][23] caused by the decomposition voltage of water (1.23 V), the above mentioned two systems aren't discussed in this paper. Security and the low cost of nonaqueous RABs are regarded as potential energy storage devices. The first functional RAB with Al as the negative electrode was reported in 2011, which exhibited an initial capacity of 305 mA h g −1 . But there was only ≈0.55 V of discharging voltage plateau. [24] In 2015, Sun et al. adopted carbon paper as the positive electrode in RABs creatively, which resulted in an improved average voltage plateau of 1.8 V, the potential application of RABs with prospective energy density aroused the interests of scholars and merchants. [25] In 2015, Lin et al. [26] assembled RABs with Al foil as the negative electrode, 3D graphitic foam as the positive electrode, AlCl 3 /[EMIm]Cl as the electrolyte. The RABs charged and discharged more than 7500 cycles at 4 A g −1 without capacity decay. Since then, many researchers have been turning their eyes to RABs. As can be seen in Figure 2, the positive electrode materials and electrolytes have been devoted increasing attentions year by year and the overall performance of RABs could be further improved by exploring new positive electrode materials and electrolytes. [27] RABs have been achieved great accomplishments after continuous investment. However, some issues are hampering the development of RABs. For instance, the blurry mechanism of RABs, the inferior energy density of the positive electrodes, and the difficulties brought up by corrosion of electrolytes. [28] In addition, the high cost of separators and electrolytes are challenges for commercialization. In this work, the developments of RABs are reviewed, covering exploration and characterization of the mechanism, design criteria, and research status of the components (positive electrodes, electrolytes, negative electrodes, separators, and current collectors) of RABs. Remarkably, the overall performance (energy density, cyclic stability, power density, security, ecofriendliness, and flexibility) of RABs are evaluated from the view of devices. The outlook for boosting the development of RABs is proposed subsequently. It is important to research new energy storage technology for substituting the deficiencies of current energy storage devices, i.e., the poor energy density of lead-acid batteries, the high cost of lithium-ion batteries, etc. Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are regarded as one of the most promising storage devic...

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Limiting the public cost of stationary battery deployment by combining applications

Cited by 132 publications

References 17 publications

The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

The future cost of electrical energy storage based on experience rates

Now we are one

Progress and Trends in Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

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