Limitless longevity: Comment on the Contribution of rectangularization to the secular increase of life expectancy

Modig, Karin; Drefahl, Sven; Ahlbom, Anders

doi:10.1093/ije/dyt035

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These analyses based on extended data corroborate our previous finding that the probability of dying above 100 years of age in Sweden does not decrease over time in the way that it does at lower ages [2,9]. The Human Mortality Database (HMD) has estimated that remaining life expectancy at age 100 in Sweden was 1.95 years during the period 2010-2014, 1.93 years in 2000-2009 and 1.94 years in 1990-1999, that is at a fairly constant level [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…We have previously shown that the number of centenarians in Sweden has increased exponentially during the past 40 years, but that the mean age at death after reaching 100 years of age has been stable. However, due to the small number of observations in these previous studies, there were large fluctuations at the oldest ages . Moreover, for the analyses of maximum age we did not account for the increasing cohort size over time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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How long do centenarians survive? Life expectancy and maximum lifespan

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

How long do centenarians survive? Life expectancy and maximum lifespan

et al. 2017

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“…The finding of a lack of improvement regarding the risk of subsequent admissions among the very oldest, above 90, is in line with a previous study of Swedish centenarians where death rates above age 100 appeared to have been stable between 1969 and 2008 [16] , [17] , in contrast to younger ages where a continuous reduction has been observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Does Improved Survival Lead to a More Fragile Population: Time Trends in Second and Third Hospital Admissions among Men and Women above the Age of 60 in Sweden

et al. 2014

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BackgroundLife expectancy and time to first hospitalization have been prolonged, indicating that people live longer without needing hospital care. Life expectancy increased partially due to improved survival from severe diseases, which, however, could lead to a more fragile population. If so, time to a subsequent hospitalization could decrease. Alternatively, the overall trend of improved health could continue after the first hospitalization, prolonging also the time to subsequent hospitalizations. This study analyzes trends in subsequent hospitalizations among Swedish men and women above the age of 60, relating them to first hospitalization. It also looks at trends in the proportion of never hospitalized.MethodsIndividuals were followed in national registers for hospital admissions and deaths between 1972 and 2010. The proportion of never hospitalized individuals at given ages and time points, and the annual change in the risks of first and subsequent hospitalizations, were calculated.FindingsAn increase in the proportion of never hospitalized was seen over time. The risks of first as well as subsequent hospitalizations were reduced by almost 10% per decade for both men and women. Improvements were observed mainly for individuals below the ages of 90 and up to the year 2000.ConclusionsThe reduction in annual risk of both first and subsequent hospitalizations up to 90 years of age speaks in favor of a postponement of the overall morbidity among the elderly and provides no support for the hypothesis that the population becomes more fragile due to increased survival from severe diseases.

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“…At ages above 100 we even observe a complete lack of mortality reduction in Sweden, while other countries continue to improve [3], [4]. Although changes in the trends for cardiovascular diseases are the biggest contributors to this, it is not possible to point out one single explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Those countries such as Japan and France have made exceptionally fast progress in life expectancy, especially for women ( Figure 1 ). Life expectancy at birth continues to increase in Sweden at a steady pace but mortality improvements at the very oldest ages have stagnated [3] , [4] , while they continue in many other countries [5] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Losing Ground - Swedish Life Expectancy in a Comparative Perspective

2014

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BackgroundIn the beginning of the 1970s, Sweden was the country where both women and men enjoyed the world's longest life expectancy. While life expectancy continues to be high and increasing, Sweden has been losing ground in relation to other leading countries.MethodsWe look at life expectancy over the years 1970–2008 for men and women. To assess the relative contributions of age, causes of death, and smoking we decompose differences in life expectancy between Sweden and two leading countries, Japan and France. This study is the first to use this decomposition method to observe how smoking related deaths contribute to life expectancy differences between countries.ResultsSweden has maintained very low mortality at young and working ages for both men and women compared to France and Japan. However, mortality at ages above 65 has become considerably higher in Sweden than in the other leading countries because the decrease has been faster in those countries. Different trends for circulatory diseases were the largest contributor to this development in both sexes but for women also cancer played a role. Mortality from neoplasms has been considerably low for Swedish men. Smoking attributable mortality plays a modest role for women, whereas it is substantially lower in Swedish men than in French and Japanese men.ConclusionsSweden is losing ground in relation to other leading countries with respect to life expectancy because mortality at high ages improves more slowly than in the leading countries, especially due to trends in cardiovascular disease mortality. Trends in smoking rates may provide a partial explanation for the trends in women; however, it is not possible to isolate one single explanatory factor for why Sweden is losing ground.

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Limitless longevity: Comment on the Contribution of rectangularization to the secular increase of life expectancy

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

How long do centenarians survive? Life expectancy and maximum lifespan

How long do centenarians survive? Life expectancy and maximum lifespan

Does Improved Survival Lead to a More Fragile Population: Time Trends in Second and Third Hospital Admissions among Men and Women above the Age of 60 in Sweden

Losing Ground - Swedish Life Expectancy in a Comparative Perspective

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