Limits of movement in the human knee. Effect of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral structures.

Grood, Edward S.; Stowers, Stewart F.; Noyes, Frank R.

doi:10.2106/00004623-198870010-00014

Cited by 615 publications

(447 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In comparing laxity between both compartments, the constraint was stronger in the medial compartment because the PCL was attached to the medial side of the femur. In addition, external rotation of the tibia reportedly is limited by the posterolateral structure [8,9]. We were not able to evaluate isolate function of the posterolateral structure in our study, but it would have some influence on stability at lateral compartment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Posterior Displacement of the Tibia Increases in Deep Flexion of the Knee

Fukagawa

Matsuda

Tashiro

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Deep knee flexion is important to proper function for some activities and in some cultures, although there are large posterior forces during high knee flexion. Most of what we know about posterior restraint and stability, however, has not been determined from deep flexion and without distinguishing motion in the medial and lateral compartments. Questions/purposes We therefore evaluated (1) the difference in posterior displacement between the medial and lateral compartments at a commonly used flexion angle of 90°; (2) that of deeply flexed knees at 135°; and (3) the difference in kinematics in the medial and lateral compartments. We analyzed posterior stability in 21 normal knees using interventional open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Posterior Displacement of the Tibia Increases in Deep Flexion of the Knee

Fukagawa

Matsuda

Tashiro

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…1,2,10 These structures act as primary stabilizers to prevent abnormal varus and tibial external rotation, while serving an important secondary role to the cruciate ligaments in preventing anterior and posterior translation of the knee. 1,2 The dynamic function of individual posterolateral knee structures in the goat and their role in the prevention of abnormal joint motion has not yet been established in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It has been well documented that the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament are the primary stabilizers to abnormal varus, external rotation, and coupled posterolateral rotation for the human knee. 1,2,10 However, in vivo studies on animal models, other than the rabbit, 11 demonstrating the natural history of injuries to the posterolateral aspect of the knee have not yet been performed. A recent anatomic study revealed that the rabbit knee has many similarities to the human knee.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the goat knee

LaPrade

Kimber

Wentorf

et al. 2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the goat knee for future in vivo studies using a goat model to examine the natural history of posterolateral knee injuries. Twelve nonpaired, fresh-frozen, adult goat knees were dissected to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral corner. The main posterolateral structures identified in the goat knee were the lateral collateral ligament, the popliteus muscle and tendon, popliteomeniscal fascicles, and the lateral gastrocnemius muscle. The lateral collateral ligament was extra-articular and coursed from its proximal attachment, located posterior and proximal to the lateral epicondyle, to its distal attachment on the lateral aspect of the fused proximal tibiofibula. The popliteus muscle attached to the medial edge of the posterodistal tibia, traveled anterolaterally, became intraarticular at its musculotendinous junction, and attached to the lateral femur just distal to the lateral epicondyle. Distinct popliteomeniscal fascicles attached the lateral meniscus to the popliteus muscle and tendon, and a fascial attachment from the musculotendinous junction of the popliteus muscle coursed to the lateral tibial plateau. This study provided information on the structures present in the posterolateral aspect of the goat knee and enhanced our understanding of their relationships to analogous structures in the human knee. This information is important to enable future development of potential models of the natural history of posterolateral knee injuries and also to test surgical techniques and the in vivo effects of these injuries on cruciate ligament reconstructions.

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“…In the human knee, the most important posterolateral knee structures, based on biomechanical studies, to preventing abnormal joint motion are the FCL, popliteus tendon, and PFL [4,5,24]. These structures act as the primary stabilizers to preventing abnormal varus and tibia1 external rotation motion, and serve an important secondary role to the cruciate ligaments in preventing anterior and posterior translation of the knee [4,5]. The role of individual posterolateral knee structures on preventing abnormal joint motion or their dynamic function in the rabbit knee has not been established in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee

Crum

LaPrade

Wentorf

2003

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee to serve as a basis for future in vitro and in vivo posterolateral knee biomechanical and injury studies. Twelve nonpaired fresh-frozen New Zealand white rabbit knees were dissected to determine the anatomy of the posterolateral corner.The following main structures were consistently identified in the rabbit posterolateral knee: the gastrocnemius muscles, biceps femoris muscle, popliteus muscle and tendon, fibular collateral ligament, posterior capsule, ligament of Wrisberg, and posterior meniscotibial ligament. The fibular collateral ligament was within the joint capsule and attached to the femur at the lateral epicondyle and to the fibula at the midportion of the fibular head. The popliteus muscle attached to the medial edge of the posterior tibia and ascended proximally to give rise to the popliteus tendon, which inserted on the proximal aspect of the popliteal sulcus just anterior to the fibular collateral ligament. The biceps femoris had no attachment to the fibula and attached to the anterior compartment fascia of the leg.This study increased our understanding of these structures and their relationships to comparative anatomy in the human knee. This knowledge of the rabbit's posterolateral knee anatomy is important to understand for biomechanical and surgical studies which utilize the rabbit knee as a model for human posterolateral knee injuries.

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Limits of movement in the human knee. Effect of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral structures.

Cited by 615 publications

References 22 publications

Posterior Displacement of the Tibia Increases in Deep Flexion of the Knee

Posterior Displacement of the Tibia Increases in Deep Flexion of the Knee

Anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the goat knee

The anatomy of the posterolateral aspect of the rabbit knee

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